Brahma Purana — On Varna Mobility Through Conduct, Karma, and Food-Ethics, Shloka 14
Devanagari script
स्थितो ब्राह्मणधर्मेण ब्राह्मण्यम् उपजीवति क्षत्रियो वाथ वैश्यो वा ब्रह्मभूयं स गच्छति //
Translation
นี่คือคาถาที่สิบสี่—พระวจนะปุราณะอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์ ผู้ให้ธรรมะ อรรถะ กามะ และโมกษะ ควรสดับและอ่านด้วยศรัทธา
Word by Word
sthitaḥabiding; established
sthitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeVerb
Rootsthā (धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त/कृदन्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); ‘standing/abiding’
brāhmaṇa-dharmeṇaby/through brāhmaṇa-dharma
brāhmaṇa-dharmeṇa:
Karana (करण/Instrument/means)
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘brāhmaṇasya dharmaḥ’
brāhmaṇyambrāhmaṇa-hood
brāhmaṇyam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
upajīvatilives by; sustains (himself) by
upajīvati:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootupa + jīv (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
kṣatriyaḥa kṣatriya
kṣatriyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣatriya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
vāor
vā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), ‘or’
athaand/also
atha:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
FormParticle/conjunction (निपात), ‘and/then/also’
vaiśyaḥa vaiśya
vaiśyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvaiśya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
vāor
vā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), ‘or’
brahma-bhūyamthe state of brahmanhood
brahma-bhūyam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootbrahman (प्रातिपदिक) + bhūya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष (goal/state): ‘brahmaṇaḥ bhāvaḥ/bhūyaṃ’ = ‘state of being Brahman/brāhmaṇa-like’
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
gacchatigoes; attains
gacchati:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootgam (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
Speaker
Same instructional voice; the broader address to ‘devi’ becomes explicit later (v.22)