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Shloka 28

Prāyaścitta, the ‘Elephant Bath’ Problem, and the Opening of Ajāmila-Upākhyāna

स पाशहस्तांस्त्रीन्दृष्ट्वा पुरुषानतिदारुणान् । वक्रतुण्डानूर्ध्वरोम्ण आत्मानं नेतुमागतान् ॥ २८ ॥ दूरे क्रीडनकासक्तं पुत्रं नारायणाह्वयम् । प्लावितेन स्वरेणोच्चैराजुहावाकुलेन्द्रिय: ॥ २९ ॥

sa pāśa-hastāṁs trīn dṛṣṭvā puruṣān ati-dāruṇān vakra-tuṇḍān ūrdhva-romṇa ātmānaṁ netum āgatān

แล้วอชามิละเห็นบุรุษสามตนผู้โหดร้ายยิ่ง หน้าตาบิดเบี้ยว ขนลุกชัน มือถือบ่วงเชือก มุ่งมาจะพาเขาไปยังที่พำนักของยมราช ครั้นเห็นดังนั้นเขาก็สับสนหวาดหวั่น ด้วยความยึดติดในบุตรที่เล่นอยู่ไกลออกไปซึ่งมีนามว่า “นารายณะ” เขาจึงร้องเรียกเสียงดังด้วยเสียงสั่นสะอื้นปนหยาดน้ำตา—และด้วยเหตุนี้เอง ไม่ทางใดก็ทางหนึ่ง เขาจึงเปล่งพระนามศักดิ์สิทธิ์ “นารายณะ” ออกมา

सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
पाश-हस्तान्those with nooses in hand
पाश-हस्तान्:
Karma (कर्म/Object of seeing)
TypeAdjective
Rootपाश (प्रातिपदिक) + हस्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि-समासः (पाशः हस्ते येषां ते = those having nooses in their hands); पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
त्रीन्three
त्रीन्:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; ‘पुरुषान्’ विशेषणम्
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया/Having done)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive)
पुरुषान्men/persons
पुरुषान्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
अति-दरुणान्exceedingly cruel
अति-दरुणान्:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootअति (अव्यय) + दरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समासः (अति दरुणाः = exceedingly cruel); पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; ‘पुरुषान्’ विशेषणम्
वक्र-तुण्डान्with twisted faces
वक्र-तुण्डान्:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootवक्र (प्रातिपदिक) + तुण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समासः (वक्रं तुण्डं येषां ते = having crooked faces/beaks); पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; ‘पुरुषान्’ विशेषणम्
ऊर्ध्व-रोम्णःwith hair bristling upward
ऊर्ध्व-रोम्णः:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootऊर्ध्व (प्रातिपदिक) + रोमन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समासः (ऊर्ध्वाणि रोमाणि यस्य/येषां = with hair standing on end); पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; ‘पुरुषान्’ विशेषणम्; रूपम् ‘रोम्णः’ इति ‘रोमन्’ शब्दस्य बहुवचन-द्वितीया (वैदिक/पुराण-प्रयोगे)
आत्मानम्himself
आत्मानम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object of taking)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
नेतुम्to lead/take
नेतुम्:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन/Purpose)
TypeVerb
Rootनी (धातु)
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (infinitive)
आगतान्who had come
आगतान्:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु) + आ (उपसर्ग)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past participle: come), पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; ‘पुरुषान्’ विशेषणम्

A person who performs sinful activities performs them with his body, mind and words. Therefore three order carriers from Yamarāja came to take Ajāmila to Yamarāja’s abode. Fortunately, even though he was referring to his son, Ajāmila chanted the four syllables of the hari-nāma Nārāyaṇa, and therefore the order carriers of Nārāyaṇa, the Viṣṇudūtas, also immediately arrived there. Because Ajāmila was extremely afraid of the ropes of Yamarāja, he chanted the Lord’s name with tearful eyes. Actually, however, he never meant to chant the holy name of Nārāyaṇa; he meant to call his son.

A
Ajamila
Y
Yamadutas

FAQs

This verse describes the Yamadutas as terrifying messengers carrying ropes, coming to seize a sinful person at death—illustrating karmic accountability at the final moment.

In the narrative, Ajamila had lived sinfully, so the Yamadutas arrived to arrest him for punishment according to the laws of karma administered under Yamaraja.

Live with moral restraint and cultivate remembrance of God daily, so the mind is not overwhelmed by fear and regret at life’s end.