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Shloka 2

Jaḍa Bharata’s Birth, Feigned Madness, and Protection by Goddess Kālī

श्रीशुक उवाच अथ कस्यचिद् द्विजवरस्याङ्गिर:प्रवरस्य शमदमतप:स्वाध्यायाध्ययनत्यागसन्तोषतितिक्षाप्रश्रयविद्यानसूयात्मज्ञानानन्दयुक्तस्यात्मसद‍ृशश्रुतशीलाचाररूपौदार्यगुणा नव सोदर्या अङ्गजा बभूवुर्मिथुनं च यवीयस्यां भार्यायाम् ॥ १ ॥ यस्तु तत्र पुमांस्तं परमभागवतं राजर्षिप्रवरं भरतमुत्सृष्टमृगशरीरं चरमशरीरेण विप्रत्वं गतमाहु: ॥ २ ॥

śrī-śuka uvāca atha kasyacid dvija-varasyāṅgiraḥ-pravarasya śama-dama-tapaḥ-svādhyāyādhyayana-tyāga-santoṣa-titikṣā-praśraya-vidyānasūyātma-jñānānanda-yuktasyātma-sadṛśa-śruta-śīlācāra-rūpaudārya-guṇā nava sodaryā aṅgajā babhūvur mithunaṁ ca yavīyasyāṁ bhāryāyām yas tu tatra pumāṁs taṁ parama-bhāgavataṁ rājarṣi-pravaraṁ bharatam utsṛṣṭa-mṛga-śarīraṁ carama-śarīreṇa vipratvaṁ gatam āhuḥ.

ศรีศุกเทวโคสวามีกล่าวว่า—ข้าแต่พระราชา ครั้นละทิ้งกายกวางแล้ว พระมหาราชภรตะได้บังเกิดในตระกูลพราหมณ์อันบริสุทธิ์ยิ่ง มีพราหมณ์ผู้สืบสายอังคิรส ผู้เพียบพร้อมด้วยคุณพราหมณ์ คือ สงบใจและสำรวมอินทรีย์ ศึกษาพระเวทและคัมภีร์ประกอบ รู้จักให้ทานและสละ มีความพอใจ อดทน อ่อนโยน มีปัญญา ไม่ริษยา รู้ตน และยินดีในภักติแด่พระภควาน จากภรรยาคนแรกมีบุตรชายเก้าคนเสมอกัน และจากภรรยาคนที่สองมีฝาแฝด—พี่ชายกับน้องสาว—โดยบุตรชายผู้นั้นเลื่องลือว่าเป็นภรตะ ผู้เป็นภาควตะสูงสุดและราชฤๅษีผู้ประเสริฐ นี่คือเรื่องกำเนิดหลังละกายกวางของท่าน

śrī-śukaḥŚrī Śuka
śrī-śukaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/वक्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī-śuka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (śrī + śuka)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
athathen
atha:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्योपक्रम)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अनुक्रम/आरम्भसूचक (then/now)
kasyacitof a certain
kasyacit:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Rootkas-cit (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; अनिश्चित-विशेषण (some)
dvija-varasyaof the best brāhmaṇa
dvija-varasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija-vara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (dvija + vara)
aṅgiraḥ-pravarasyaof the foremost among the Āṅgirasa lineage
aṅgiraḥ-pravarasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Rootaṅgiras-pravara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (aṅgiras + pravara)
śama-dama-tapaḥ-svādhyāya-adhyayana-tyāga-santoṣa-titikṣā-praśraya-vidyā-anasūyā-ātma-jñāna-ānanda-yuktasyaof one endowed with self-control, restraint, austerity, self-study, study, renunciation, contentment, forbearance, humility, learning, non-envy, self-knowledge, and bliss
śama-dama-tapaḥ-svādhyāya-adhyayana-tyāga-santoṣa-titikṣā-praśraya-vidyā-anasūyā-ātma-jñāna-ānanda-yuktasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Rootśama+dama+tapas+svādhyāya+adhyayana+tyāga+santoṣa+titikṣā+praśraya+vidyā+anasūyā+ātma-jñāna+ānanda+yukta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष-समास; 'युक्त' = समासान्त-विशेषण (endowed with ...)
ātma-sadṛśa-śruta-śīla-ācāra-rūpa-udārya-guṇāḥqualities such as learning, character, conduct, form, and generosity befitting the self
ātma-sadṛśa-śruta-śīla-ācāra-rūpa-udārya-guṇāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootātma-sadṛśa+śruta+śīla+ācāra+rūpa+udārya+guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष-समास; विशेष्य: 'guṇāḥ'
navanine
nava:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnava (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; संख्याविशेषण
sodaryāḥborn of the same mother
sodaryāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsodarya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; 'सह-उदर' अर्थे (uterine/siblings)
aṅgajāḥchildren
aṅgajāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootaṅgaja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
babhūvuḥwere born / came to be
babhūvuḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
mithunama pair (male and female)
mithunam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmithuna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (and)
yavīyasyāmin the younger (wife)
yavīyasyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootyavīyas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; 'younger (wife)'
bhāryāyāmin (his) wife
bhāryāyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootbhāryā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)
tuindeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विरोध/विशेष (but/indeed)
tatrathere
tatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देशवाचक (there)
pumānthe male (son)
pumān:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpumān (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
parama-bhāgavatamthe greatest devotee
parama-bhāgavatam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootparama+bhāgavata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (supreme + devotee)
rājarṣi-pravaramthe foremost royal sage
rājarṣi-pravaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootrājarṣi+pravara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष
bharatamBharata
bharatam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbharata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
utsṛṣṭa-mṛga-śarīramwho had abandoned the deer-body
utsṛṣṭa-mṛga-śarīram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootutsṛṣṭa (कृदन्त; √sṛj)+mṛga+śarīra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष; 'utsṛṣṭa' = भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle)
carama-śarīreṇawith the final body
carama-śarīreṇa:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootcarama+śarīra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (last + body)
vipratvambrāhmaṇa-hood
vipratvam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvipratva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
gatamattained
gatam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootgata (कृदन्त; √gam)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past participle)
āhuḥthey say
āhuḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootah (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

Bharata Mahārāja was a great devotee, but he did not attain success in one life. In Bhagavad-gītā it is said that a devotee who does not fulfill his devotional duties in one life is given the chance to be born in a fully qualified brāhmaṇa family or a rich kṣatriya or vaiśya family. Śucīnāṁ śrīmatāṁ gehe ( Bg. 6.41 ). Bharata Mahārāja was the firstborn son of Mahārāja Ṛṣabha in a rich kṣatriya family, but due to his willful negligence of his spiritual duties and his excessive attachment to an insignificant deer, he was obliged to take birth as the son of a deer. However, due to his strong position as a devotee, he was gifted with the remembrance of his past life. Being repentant, he remained in a solitary forest and always thought of Kṛṣṇa. Then he was given the chance to take birth in a very good brāhmaṇa family.

Ś
Śukadeva Gosvāmī
B
Bharata (Jaḍa Bharata)
A
Aṅgirā (lineage reference)

FAQs

This verse states that Bharata had previously taken a deer body, but after giving it up he attained his final birth as a brāhmaṇa—showing how remaining impressions shape rebirth, and how devotion ultimately brings elevation.

Śukadeva identifies him as the topmost devotee and best of royal sages, indicating that despite the interruption of a deer birth, Bharata’s devotion and realization matured to the highest standard.

Guard your consciousness and attachments, because they shape your future; keep steady devotional practice and self-discipline, since sincere bhakti can restore and elevate one even after setbacks.