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Shloka 39

Ikṣvāku Dynasty: Vikukṣi’s Offense, Purañjaya’s Victory, Māndhātā’s Birth, and Saubhari’s Fall and Renunciation

यमुनान्तर्जले मग्नस्तप्यमान: परन्तप: । निर्वृतिं मीनराजस्य द‍ृष्ट्वा मैथुनधर्मिण: ॥ ३९ ॥ जातस्पृहो नृपं विप्र: कन्यामेकामयाचत । सोऽप्याह गृह्यतां ब्रह्मन् कामं कन्या स्वयंवरे ॥ ४० ॥

yamunāntar-jale magnas tapyamānaḥ paraṁ tapaḥ nirvṛtiṁ mīna-rājasya dṛṣṭvā maithuna-dharmiṇaḥ

เสาภริฤๅษีผู้ปราบศัตรู บำเพ็ญตบะโดยจมอยู่ในสายน้ำยมุนา ครั้นเห็นปลาคู่หนึ่งกำลังเสพสังวาสและเสวยสุข จิตแห่งกามก็เกิดขึ้น. ท่านพราหมณ์จึงไปขอพระธิดาองค์หนึ่งจากพระเจ้ามานธาตา. พระราชาตรัสว่า “โอ้พราหมณ์ ในพิธีสวะยัมวร พระธิดาของเราจะเลือกสวามีตามใจตนเถิด.”

yamunāntar-jalein the waters of the Yamunā (within)
yamunāntar-jale:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootyamunā (प्रातिपदिक) + antara (प्रातिपदिक) + jala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः तत्पुरुषः (yamunāyāḥ antara-jale = in the water within the Yamunā)
magnaḥsubmerged
magnaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootmajj (धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle) ‘magna’ = submerged
tapyamānaḥbeing heated/performing austerity
tapyamānaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roottap (धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; वर्तमानकृदन्त (present passive participle)
paramgreat
param:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘great/supreme’ (agreeing with tapaḥ)
tapaḥausterity
tapaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottapas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन
nirvṛtimdelight/satisfaction
nirvṛtim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootnirvṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन
mīna-rājasyaof the king of fishes
mīna-rājasya:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootmīna (प्रातिपदिक) + rāja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (mīnānāṁ rājā = king of fishes)
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Pūrvakāla (पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootdṛś (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund/absolutive)
maithuna-dharmiṇaḥwhose nature is mating
maithuna-dharmiṇaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmaithuna (प्रातिपदिक) + dharmin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः तत्पुरुषः (maithunasya dharmaḥ yasya = whose nature is sexual union); qualifying mīna-rājasya

This is the beginning of the story of Saubhari Ṛṣi. According to Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura, Māndhātā was the king of Mathurā, and Saubhari Ṛṣi was engaged in austerity while submerged deep within the river Yamunā. When the ṛṣi felt sexual desire, he emerged from the water and went to King Māndhātā to ask that one of the King’s daughters become his wife.

Ś
Śukadeva Gosvāmī
P
Parīkṣit Mahārāja
T
the sage (vipra/brāhmaṇa)
K
king of fish (mīna-rāja)

FAQs

This verse shows that even in tapasya, seeing sense enjoyment (here, the fish’s mating) can agitate the mind, so vigilance and higher absorption are required.

The fish’s pleasure is used as a vivid example of how observing sexual enjoyment can awaken latent desire, even in a practicing ascetic.

Limit provocative sights, redirect attention to sādhana (japa, śravaṇa), and cultivate higher taste through devotion so the mind doesn’t chase lower pleasure.