Shloka 43
Vasudeva and Devakī Glorify Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma; The Recovery of Devakī’s Six Sons from Sutala
दैत्यदानवगन्धर्वा: सिद्धविद्याध्रचारणा: । यक्षरक्ष:पिशाचाश्च भूतप्रमथनायका: ॥ ४१ ॥ विशुद्धसत्त्वधाम्न्यद्धा त्वयि शास्त्रशरीरिणि । नित्यं निबद्धवैरास्ते वयं चान्ये च तादृशा: ॥ ४२ ॥ केचनोद्बद्धवैरेण भक्त्या केचन कामत: । न तथा सत्त्वसंरब्धा: सन्निकृष्टा: सुरादय: ॥ ४३ ॥
daitya-dānava-gandharvāḥ siddha-vidyādhra-cāraṇāḥ yakṣa-rakṣaḥ-piśācāś ca bhūta-pramatha-nāyakāḥ
บางคนถูกดึงดูดสู่พระองค์ด้วยความเป็นศัตรูอันรุนแรง บางคนด้วยภักติที่อาศัยกาม; แต่เหล่าเทวดาและผู้ที่หมกมุ่นในสัตตวะทางวัตถุหาได้มีแรงดึงดูดเช่นนั้นต่อพระองค์ไม่
Śrīla Jīva Gosvāmī explains this passage as follows: The Gandharvas, Siddhas, Vidyādharas and Cāraṇas are adversaries of the Supreme Lord when they follow the lead of the Daitya and Dānava demons. The Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, Piśācas and so on tend to be inimical because they are generally covered by ignorance. There are some rascals in the pure mode of ignorance, like Śiśupāla and Pauṇḍraka, who are totally absorbed in meditation on the Lord as their enemy, and this fixed consciousness earns them liberation. Others, in a mixed condition of passion and ignorance, associate with the Lord with a desire for position and prestige; Mahārāja Bali sees himself as belonging to this category. Yet Lord Viṣṇu favored Bali by becoming his doorkeeper in the subterranean region of Sutala, just as He favored the demons by killing and liberating them, and the Gandharvas by engaging them in singing His glories. On the other hand, the Lord awards sense gratification to those demigods who are proud of their being situated in the mode of goodness; thus they become deluded and forget Him.
FAQs
They are various classes of celestial and demonic beings described in Vedic cosmology—ranging from heavenly musicians (Gandharvas) to nature-spirits (Yakṣas) and hostile beings (Rākṣasas, Piśācas).
The sages enumerate diverse beings to set up the point that many categories—whether hostile or favorable—relate to the Supreme Lord, whom they are praising.
It reminds a devotee that the universe is vast and varied, yet all beings ultimately exist under the Lord’s governance—encouraging humility and God-centered vision.