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Shloka 1

Duryodhana’s Envy at Yudhiṣṭhira’s Rājasūya and the Avabhṛtha Festival

श्रीराजोवाच अजातशत्रोस्तं द‍ृष्ट्वा राजसूयमहोदयम् । सर्वे मुमुदिरे ब्रह्मन् नृदेवा ये समागता: ॥ १ ॥ दुर्योधनं वर्जयित्वा राजान: सर्षय: सुरा: । इति श्रुतं नो भगवंस्तत्र कारणमुच्यताम् ॥ २ ॥

śrī-rājovāca ajāta-śatros tam dṛṣṭvā rājasūya-mahodayam sarve mumudire brahman nṛ-devā ye samāgatāḥ

มหาราชปริกษิตตรัสว่า: โอ้พราหมณ์ ตามที่ข้าพเจ้าได้ยินจากท่าน เหล่ากษัตริย์ ฤๅษี และเทวะที่มาชุมนุม ต่างยินดีเมื่อได้เห็นมหรสพอันอัศจรรย์แห่งราชสูยะของพระเจ้าอชาตศัตรู ยกเว้นทุรโยธนะเพียงผู้เดียว โปรดบอกเหตุแห่งเรื่องนี้เถิด ท่านผู้เจริญ

śrī-rājāthe revered king
śrī-rājā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī-rājā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); संबोधन-पूर्वक-उपाधि (honorific epithet)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
ajāta-śatroḥof Ajātaśatru (Yudhiṣṭhira)
ajāta-śatroḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Roota-jāta-śatru (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Kriya (क्रिया/Converb)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय-भाव (Gerund/Absolutive), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया (prior action)
rājasūya-mahodayamthe great prosperity (occasion) of the Rājasūya sacrifice
rājasūya-mahodayam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootrājasūya + mahodaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
sarveall
sarve:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)
mumudirerejoiced
mumudire:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootmud (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), आत्मनेपद
brahmanO brāhmaṇa (sage)
brahman:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootbrahman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), संबोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)
nṛ-devāḥthe godlike kings
nṛ-devāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootnṛ + deva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)
yewho
ye:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); सम्बन्धक (relative pronoun)
samāgatāḥhad assembled
samāgatāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-ā-gam (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (Past Passive Participle), पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
duryodhanamDuryodhana
duryodhanam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootduryodhana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
varjayitvāhaving excluded
varjayitvā:
Kriya (क्रिया/Converb)
TypeVerb
Rootvṛj/varj (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय-भाव (Gerund/Absolutive)
rājānaḥkings
rājānaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)
sa-ṛṣayaḥtogether with sages
sa-ṛṣayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsa (अव्यय) + ṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); 'सह' अर्थे उपसर्गवत् अव्यय-पूर्वपद (with sages)
surāḥgods
surāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsura (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; वाक्य-समाप्ति/उद्धरण-सूचक (quotative particle)
śrutamit is heard / we have heard
śrutam:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootśru (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (Past Passive Participle used impersonally), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन (Singular)
naḥby us / to us
naḥ:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी/चतुर्थी-रूप (Gen./Dat.), बहुवचन (Plural); एन्क्लिटिक (enclitic)
bhagavanO venerable one
bhagavan:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootbhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), संबोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)
tatrathere / in that matter
tatra:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb)
kāraṇamthe reason
kāraṇam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootkāraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन (Singular)
ucyatāmlet it be told
ucyatām:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलोट्-लकार (Imperative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), कर्मणि-प्रयोग (Passive)
P
Parikshit
A
Ajatashatru (Yudhishthira)
D
Duryodhana

FAQs

These verses describe how the assembled godlike kings rejoiced upon seeing Yudhishthira’s Rājasūya opulence, highlighting the grandeur and religious significance of the sacrifice in Krishna’s presence.

Parīkṣit had heard a specific detail—that Duryodhana was singled out as excluded—so he asks Śukadeva (addressed as “O brāhmaṇa, O venerable one”) to clarify the narrative cause and its deeper implication.

It encourages inquiry into the roots of exclusion, envy, and offense—reminding us that spiritual and social harmony depends on understanding motives and correcting pride rather than celebrating prestige alone.