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Shloka 19

Balarāma Humbles the Kurus and Rescues Sāmba

तं सङ्गय यथान्यायं गामर्घ्यं च न्यवेदयन् । तेषां ये तत्प्रभावज्ञा: प्रणेमु: शिरसा बलम् ॥ १९ ॥

taṁ saṅgamya yathā-nyāyaṁ gām arghyaṁ ca nyavedayan teṣāṁ ye tat-prabhāva-jñāḥ praṇemuḥ śirasā balam

พวกเขาเข้าไปเฝ้าพระพลรามตามสมควร แล้วถวายโคและอัรฆยะบูชา ผู้ใดในหมู่กุรุที่รู้พระเดชานุภาพแท้จริง ก็กราบลงด้วยเศียรจรดพื้น

तम्him
तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया (2nd) एकवचनम्
सङ्गम्यhaving approached
सङ्गम्य:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् + √गम् (धातु) (ल्यप्/क्त्वान्त अव्ययभाव)
Formल्यपन्त/क्त्वान्त अव्ययम् (Gerund); ‘having approached/met’
यथा-न्यायम्according to proper rule
यथा-न्यायम्:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय) + न्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समासः; क्रियाविशेषणम्
गाम्a cow
गाम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative) एकवचनम्
अर्घ्यम्honor-offering (arghya)
अर्घ्यम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्घ्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया (2nd) एकवचनम्
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-बोधक अव्ययम् (conjunction)
न्यवेदयन्they offered/presented
न्यवेदयन्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनि + √विद् (धातु; ‘to present/announce’)
Formलङ् (Imperfect) परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd) बहुवचनम्
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी (6th/Genitive) बहुवचनम्
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा (1st) बहुवचनम्; सम्बन्धक-यः-तत्
तत्-प्रभाव-ज्ञाःknowers of his power
तत्-प्रभाव-ज्ञाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + प्रभाव (प्रातिपदिक) + ज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा (1st) बहुवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः—‘तस्य प्रभावं जानन्ति’
प्रणेमुःthey bowed
प्रणेमुः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + √नम् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect) परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd) बहुवचनम्
शिरसाwith the head
शिरसा:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental) एकवचनम्
बलम्Balarama (Baladeva)
बलम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootबल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया (2nd) एकवचनम्

The ācāryas explain that even the elders, like Bhīṣmadeva, also bowed down to Lord Baladeva.

B
Balarāma (Baladeva)

FAQs

This verse shows that proper Vedic etiquette includes welcoming a respected person with formal reception and offerings like arghya and a cow, expressing dharma and reverence.

Those who understood Balarāma’s extraordinary potency recognized Him as a supremely powerful divine personality and therefore offered respectful obeisance by bowing their heads.

Practice dharmic hospitality—receive guests with respect and sincerity—and cultivate humility by honoring spiritually elevated persons and acknowledging genuine greatness without envy.