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Shloka 31

Ūṣā-Haraṇa, Bāṇāsura’s Pride, and Aniruddha’s Capture

Prelude to Hari–Śaṅkara Conflict

स तं प्रविष्टं वृतमाततायिभि- र्भटैरनीकैरवलोक्य माधव: । उद्यम्य मौर्वं परिघं व्यवस्थितो यथान्तको दण्डधरो जिघांसया ॥ ३१ ॥

sa taṁ praviṣṭaṁ vṛtam ātatāyibhir bhaṭair anīkair avalokya mādhavaḥ udyamya maurvaṁ parighaṁ vyavasthito yathāntako daṇḍa-dharo jighāṁsayā

เมื่อมาธวะอนิรุทธะเห็นพาณาสุระเข้ามาพร้อมกองทหารติดอาวุธมากมาย ก็ยกกระบองเหล็กขึ้นและยืนมั่นคง พร้อมจะฟาดผู้ใดที่เข้าจู่โจม เขาดุจความตายถือคทาแห่งทัณฑ์

saḥhe (Mādhava)
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
tamhim (Bāṇa)
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
praviṣṭamwho had entered
praviṣṭam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpra-√viś (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
Formकृतदन्त (past participle/क्त): पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘entered’
vṛtamsurrounded
vṛtam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Root√vṛ (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
Formकृतदन्त (past participle/क्त): पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘surrounded’
ātatāyibhiḥby assailants
ātatāyibhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootātatāyin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
bhaṭaiḥby soldiers
bhaṭaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootbhaṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
anīkaiḥby troops/companies
anīkaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootanīka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
avalokyahaving seen
avalokya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootava-√lok (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund): ‘having seen’
mādhavaḥMādhava (Kṛṣṇa)
mādhavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmādhava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
udyamyahaving raised
udyamya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootud-√yam (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund): ‘having lifted/raised’
maurvamthe maurva (weapon/cord/bowstring)
maurvam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmaurva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; (weapon/implement name)
parighamiron club/bar
parigham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootparigha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
vyavasthitaḥstood ready
vyavasthitaḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-ava-√sthā (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
Formकृतदन्त (past participle/क्त) used predicatively; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘stood ready/was positioned’
yathāas
yathā:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (comparative particle): ‘as/like’
antakaḥDeath (Yama)
antakaḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootantaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
daṇḍa-dharaḥstaff-bearing
daṇḍa-dharaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdaṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक) + dhara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि-समास: ‘bearing a staff’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (qualifying antakaḥ)
jighāṁsayāwith intent to kill
jighāṁsayā:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeNoun
Root√han (धातु) + san (देशिदेरिवेटिव desiderative) → jighāṁsā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; हेतौ/भावे तृतीया: ‘with the desire to kill’

The club was not made of ordinary iron but of a special kind called muru.

M
Mādhava (Lord Kṛṣṇa)
A
Antaka (Death personified)

FAQs

This verse shows Kṛṣṇa, seeing violent attackers, raising His weapon and standing like Death itself—indicating that protecting dharma includes restraining and punishing murderous aggressors.

The comparison highlights Kṛṣṇa’s unstoppable power in battle: when He resolves to protect and to remove violent opposition, His presence becomes as decisive as Death carrying its staff.

Stand firmly for dharma: protect the innocent, set strong boundaries against harm, and act decisively (without hatred) when confronting wrongdoing.