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Shloka 1

Uddhava Meets the Gopīs: Bhramara-gītā and Kṛṣṇa’s Message of Separation

Devanagari script

श्रीशुक उवाच तं वीक्ष्य कृष्णानुचरं व्रजस्‍त्रिय: प्रलम्बबाहुं नवकञ्जलोचनम् । पीताम्बरं पुष्करमालिनं लस- न्मुखारविन्दं परिमृष्टकुण्डलम् ॥ १ ॥ सुविस्मिता: कोऽयमपीव्यदर्शन: कुतश्च कस्याच्युतवेषभूषण: । इति स्म सर्वा: परिवव्रुरुत्सुका- स्तमुत्तम:श्लोकपदाम्बुजाश्रयम् ॥ २ ॥

Transliteration

śrī-śuka uvāca taṁ vīkṣya kṛṣānucaraṁ vraja-striyaḥ pralamba-bāhuṁ nava-kañja-locanam pītāmbaraṁ puṣkara-mālinaṁ lasan- mukhāravindaṁ parimṛṣṭa-kuṇḍalam

Translation

ศรีศุกเทวะกล่าวว่า เมื่อหญิงสาวแห่งวรชะเห็นผู้รับใช้ของพระกฤษณะ ก็พากันพิศวง—แขนยาว ดวงตาดุจดอกบัวอ่อนที่เพิ่งผลิ สวมพีตัมพรและมาลัยดอกบัว ใบหน้าดุจบัวส่องประกายด้วยตุ้มหูที่ขัดเงา “ชายรูปงามผู้นี้คือใคร? มาจากไหน และรับใช้ผู้ใด? เขาสวมอาภรณ์และเครื่องประดับของอจฺยุตะ!” กล่าวดังนี้ เหล่าโคปีจึงกรูกันด้วยความกระตือรือร้นล้อมอุทธวะ ผู้พึ่งพาดอกบัวแห่งพระบาทของพระอุตตมศฺโลกะ ศรีกฤษณะ

Synonyms
śrī-śukaḥŚrī Śuka
śrī-śukaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī (प्रातिपदिक) + śuka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (श्रीमान् शुकः), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन
vīkṣyahaving seen
vīkṣya:
Kriya (क्रिया/Converb)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√īkṣ (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
Formक्त्वान्त/ल्यपन्त अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/Absolutive): ‘having seen’
kṛṣṇa-anucaramKṛṣṇa’s attendant
kṛṣṇa-anucaram:
Karma (कर्म/Object; apposition to tam)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛṣṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + anucara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी: ‘कृष्णस्य अनुचरः’), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
vraja-striyaḥthe women of Vraja
vraja-striyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvraja (प्रातिपदिक) + strī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी: ‘व्रजस्य स्त्रियः’), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
pralamba-bāhumlong-armed
pralamba-bāhum:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootpralamba (प्रातिपदिक) + bāhu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (‘प्रलम्बः बāhuḥ यस्य’ as descriptive), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (of tam)
nava-kañja-locanamwith eyes like fresh lotuses
nava-kañja-locanam:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootnava (प्रातिपदिक) + kañja (प्रातिपदिक) + locana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (‘नवकञ्जम् इव लोचनम्’), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण
pīta-ambaramwearing yellow garments
pīta-ambaram:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootpīta (प्रातिपदिक) + ambara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (‘पीतम् अम्बरम्’), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण
puṣkara-mālinamgarlanded with lotuses
puṣkara-mālinam:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootpuṣkara (प्रातिपदिक) + mālin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (‘पुष्कराणां माली’), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण
lasatshining
lasat:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Root√las (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (Present active participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग रूपे समासपूर्वपद, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘shining’ (qualifies mukhāravindam)
mukha-aravindamlotus-like face
mukha-aravindam:
Karma (कर्म/Object; appositional descriptor)
TypeNoun
Rootmukha (प्रातिपदिक) + aravinda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (‘अरविन्दम् इव मुखम्’), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
parimṛṣṭa-kuṇḍalamwith polished earrings
parimṛṣṭa-kuṇḍalam:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootpari-√mṛṣ (धातु) + kta (क्त) + kuṇḍala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (‘परिमृष्टे कुण्डले’), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग (tam-विशेषण), द्वितीया, एकवचन
su-vismitāḥgreatly astonished
su-vismitāḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu (अव्यय) + vismita (प्रातिपदिक; √smi + kta)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समास (सु + विस्मित), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (of sarvāḥ/vraja-striyaḥ)
kaḥwho?
kaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक
ayamthis (man)
ayam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
apīvya-darśanaḥof very pleasing appearance
apīvya-darśanaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootapīvya (प्रातिपदिक) + darśana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (‘अपīvyaṃ darśanam yasya’/‘apīvya-darśana’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
kutaḥfrom where
kutaḥ:
Apadana (अपादान/Source)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkutaḥ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (interrogative adverb: ‘from where/whence’)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (conjunction)
kasyaof whom
kasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formपुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक
acyuta-veṣa-bhūṣaṇaḥadorned in Acyuta’s attire and ornaments
acyuta-veṣa-bhūṣaṇaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootacyuta (प्रातिपदिक) + veṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + bhūṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी: ‘अच्युतस्य वेष-भूषणम्’/‘acyuta-veṣa-bhūṣaṇa’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Quotation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (quotative particle)
smaindeed/then (narrative particle)
sma:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsma (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle indicating past narration/emphasis)
sarvāḥall (of them)
sarvāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
parivavruḥsurrounded
parivavruḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootpari-√vṛ (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन
utsukāḥeager/curious
utsukāḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootutsuka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (of sarvāḥ)
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
uttamaḥ-śloka-padāmbuja-āśrayamone sheltered at the lotus feet of the Lord of sublime praise
uttamaḥ-śloka-padāmbuja-āśrayam:
Karma (कर्म/Object; apposition to tam)
TypeNoun
Rootuttamaḥ-śloka (प्रातिपदिक) + pada (प्रातिपदिक) + ambuja (प्रातिपदिक) + āśraya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुपद-तत्पुरुष-समास: ‘उत्तमश्लोकस्य पदाम्बुजस्य आश्रयः’ (one who has taken refuge at the lotus-feet of the Lord), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
Characters & Entities
Ś
Śukadeva Gosvāmī
K
Kṛṣṇa (Acyuta, Uttamaḥśloka)
V
Vraja-striyaḥ (the gopīs of Vraja)
K
Kṛṣṇa’s messenger/attendant (commonly identified in context as Uddhava)

FAQs

He is Kṛṣṇa’s attendant/messenger who comes to Vraja wearing Kṛṣṇa-like dress and ornaments; in the chapter’s narrative context, this refers to Uddhava, sent by Kṛṣṇa to the gopīs.

Because the messenger resembles Kṛṣṇa in appearance and attire, and his Kṛṣṇa-like ornaments immediately awaken their intense remembrance of Acyuta, making them eager to know his identity and purpose.

Even external reminders of the Lord can awaken deep remembrance; cultivating sādhana that increases smaraṇa (remembrance) and taking shelter of Kṛṣṇa’s lotus feet turns curiosity and emotion into steady bhakti.

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