HomeVamana PuranaAdh. 14Shloka 5
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Shloka 5

Rules of Purity (Shauca)Rules of Purity (Śauca), Permissible Foods, and the Duties of the Householder and Forest-Dweller

स्वाध्यायो ऽथाग्निशुश्रुषा स्नानं भिक्षाटनं तथा गुरोर्निंवेद्य तच्चाद्यमनुज्ञातेन सर्वदा

svādhyāyo 'thāgniśuśruṣā snānaṃ bhikṣāṭanaṃ tathā gurorniṃvedya taccādyamanujñātena sarvadā

స్వాధ్యాయం, అగ్నిశుశ్రూష, స్నానం, భిక్షాటనం—ఇవన్నీ చేసి గురువుకు నివేదించాలి; మరియు ఆహారాన్ని ఎల్లప్పుడూ గురువు అనుమతించినపుడే భుజించాలి.

स्वाध्यायःself-study (Vedic recitation)
स्वाध्यायः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
अथthen
अथ:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अनुक्रम/आरम्भ-बोधक (particle: then/now)
अग्नि-शुश्रूषाservice to the sacred fire
अग्नि-शुश्रूषा:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक) + शुश्रूषा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (अग्नेः शुश्रूषा)
स्नानम्bathing
स्नानम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootस्नान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
भिक्षाटनम्going for alms
भिक्षाटनम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभिक्षाटन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
तथाalso
तथा:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय/प्रकार-बोधक (also/likewise)
गुरोःof/to the teacher
गुरोः:
Sampradana/Sambandha (सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
निवेद्यhaving informed / having offered
निवेद्य:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनि-विद् (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव (gerund/absolutive): ‘having informed/offered’
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम (here: ‘that’)
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय-बोधक (conjunction)
आद्यम्first (portion)
आद्यम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootआद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण
अनुज्ञातेनwith what is permitted / by permission
अनुज्ञातेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुज्ञात (अनु-ज्ञा धातु, क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (permitted/approved)
सर्वदाalways
सर्वदा:
Kala-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वदा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of time)
Ṛṣis (sages) continuing instruction (narrative frame not explicit in the given excerpt)
DharmaBrahmacaryaVedic study (svādhyāya)Ritual discipline (agni)Begging for alms (bhikṣā)Guru authority

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FAQs

Learning is paired with purification and restraint: the student sustains himself through alms (minimizing possessiveness) and remains accountable to the guru, cultivating obedience and non-indulgence.

As with many Purāṇas, this is an instructional dharma segment embedded within the larger narrative; it functions as normative guidance rather than a direct lakṣaṇa unit.

Agni-service and bathing signify inner and outer purification; bhikṣā represents humility and dependence on dharma rather than personal wealth; eating only with permission reinforces mastery over appetite and ego.