Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 103, Shloka 2

ऐन्द्ररथप्रदानम्

Indra’s Chariot Offered to Rāma; The Duel Intensifies

Devanagari script

रावणायशरानघोरान्विससर्जचमूमुखे ।अधान्यंरथमास्थायरावणोराक्षसाधिपः ।।।।अभ्यधावतकाकुत्स्थंस्वर्भानुरिवभास्करम् ।

Transliteration

rāvaṇāya śarān ghorān visasarja ca mūrdhani | athānyaṁ ratham āsthāya rāvaṇo rākṣasādhipaḥ | abhyadhāvat kākutsthaṁ svarbhānur iva bhāskaram ||

Translation

శ్రీరాముడు రావణుని శిరస్సుపై భయంకరమైన బాణాలను సంధించాడు. అప్పుడు రాక్షసాధిపతి రావణుడు మరో రథాన్ని అధిరోహించి కాకుత్స్థుడు (రాముడు) వైపు దూసుకొచ్చాడు; స్వర్భాను (రాహు) సూర్యునిపై దాడి చేసినట్లుగా.

Word by Word

• rāvaṇāya: to/for Ravana
• rāvaṇāya: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular (एकवचन)

• śarān: arrows
• śarān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ghorān: terrible
• ghorān: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ghora (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); agrees with śarān

• visasarga: discharged/let loose
• visasarga: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sṛj (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• camūmukhe: at the army-front
• camūmukhe: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: camū-mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); समास: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (चमूयाः मुखम्)

• atha: then
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रमसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; discourse particle (अनन्तरार्थक/क्रमसूचक)

• anyam: another
• anyam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with ratham

• ratham: chariot
• ratham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ratha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• āsthāya: having mounted
• āsthāya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√sthā (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), having mounted/ascended

• rāvaṇaḥ: Ravana
• rāvaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• rākṣasādhipaḥ: lord of the Rakshasas
• rākṣasādhipaḥ: Apposition to Karta (कर्ता-समनाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa-adhipa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); समास: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (राक्षसानाम् अधिपः)

• abhyadhāvat: rushed towards
• abhyadhāvat: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-√dhāv (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• kākutstham: Kakutstha (Rama)
• kākutstham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kākutstha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• svarbhānuḥ: Svarbhanu (Rahu)
• svarbhānuḥ: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svarbhānu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• iva: like
• iva: Upama-sambandha (उपमा-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; simile particle (उपमावाचक)

• bhāskaram: the sun
• bhāskaram: Upameya (उपमेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāskara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

Then a wonderful, severe thrilling fight took place between Sri Rama and Ravana.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Rāvaṇa
• Rākṣasa
• Bhāskara (Sun)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It highlights kṣatriya-dharma: facing aggression directly and meeting a foe in open battle with resolve, without abandoning one’s duty under pressure.

What is the narrative situation?

The climactic duel escalates: Rama strikes at Ravana’s front lines, and Ravana counters by charging toward Rama from a fresh chariot.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s steadfast courage and unwavering commitment to righteous combat; Ravana’s aggressive, eclipse-like menace is contrasted through the Rahu–Sun simile.