Shloka 12

शरत्प्रवेशे रामविलापः तथा सुग्रीवप्रमादे लक्ष्मणप्रेषणम्

Autumn’s Onset: Rama’s Lament and Lakshmana Sent to Sugriva

Devanagari script

अपि तां मद्वियोगाच्छ सौकुमार्याच्च भामिनीम्।सुदूरं पीडयेत्कामश्शरद्गुणनिरन्तरः।।

Transliteration

api tāṃ madviyogāc ca saukumāryāc ca bhāminīm |

sudūraṃ pīḍayet kāmaḥ śaradguṇanirantaraḥ ||4.30.12||

Translation

నా వియోగం వల్ల, ఆమె సౌకుమార్యము వల్ల, ఆ భామిని తప్పక తీవ్రంగా బాధపడుతుంది; దూరంలో శరదృతువు నిరంతర సౌందర్యమూ కామాన్ని రేపి ఆమె వేదనను మరింత పెంచును।

Word by Word

• api: perhaps/even
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (सम्भावना/अपि = even/also)

• tām: her
• tām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• mad-viyogāt: from separation from me
• mad-viyogāt: Hetu (हेतु; cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mad + viyoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Pañcamī (Ablative/5th), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: mad (from me) + viyoga (separation)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction particle

• saukumāryāt: from delicacy/tenderness
• saukumāryāt: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saukumārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Pañcamī (Ablative/5th), Ekavacana

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction particle

• bhāminīm: the lovely/angry-eyed lady
• bhāminīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāminī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; epithet in apposition to tām

• sudūram: greatly/very much
• sudūram: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sudūra (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Adverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण द्वितीया)

• pīḍayet: might torment
• pīḍayet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √pīḍ (धातु)
• Form: Liṅ-lakāra (Optative/विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana

• kāmaḥ: Kāma/Cupid
• kāmaḥ: Kartā (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• śaradguṇa-nirantaraḥ: filled continuously with autumn’s charms
• śaradguṇa-nirantaraḥ: Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa (कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śarad + guṇa + nirantara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: ‘continuous (nirantara) with autumnal qualities (śarad-guṇa)’; qualifies kāmaḥ

Context

'I think even the charm of autumn must be always tormenting that lovely lady, as she is very far from me. She is too delicate to suffer the agony of separation.'

Characters & Entities

• Sītā (bhāminī)
• Kāma (Cupid / desire personified)
• autumn (śarad)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Empathy as dharma: Rāma measures suffering not by his own loneliness alone but by Sītā’s vulnerability, modeling righteous concern for another’s hardship.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma imagines Sītā’s condition in captivity and separation, fearing seasonal beauty may intensify longing and distress.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Dayā (compassion) coupled with responsibility—his sorrow is tied to protective duty.