Shloka 31

प्रस्रवणगिरिवासवर्णनम्

Residence on Mount Prasravana; Counsel during the Rains

Devanagari script

हृतां हि भार्यां स्मरतः प्राणेभ्योऽपि गरीयसीम्।उदयाभ्युदितं दृष्ट्वा शशाङ्कं च विशेषतः4.27.31।।

Transliteration

hṛtāṃ hi bhāryāṃ smarataḥ prāṇebhyo 'pi garīyasīm |

udayābhyuditaṃ dṛṣṭvā śaśāṅkaṃ ca viśeṣataḥ || 4.27.31 ||

Translation

ప్రాణాలకన్నా ప్రియమైన అపహరింపబడిన తన భార్యను స్మరిస్తూ, ముఖ్యంగా తూర్పున ఉదయించిన చంద్రుని చూచి ఆయన విరహవేదన మరింత పెరిగింది।

Word by Word

• hṛtām: abducted
• hṛtām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hṛ (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त) used adjectivally; Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; agrees with bhāryām

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, emphatic particle

• bhāryām: wife
• bhāryām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāryā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• smarataḥ: of (him) remembering
• smarataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Verb
• Root: smṛ (धातु)
• Form: Śatṛ/śānac present participle used as genitive singular: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; 'of (him) remembering'

• prāṇebhyaḥ: than (his) lives
• prāṇebhyaḥ: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Bahuvacana

• api: even
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, 'even'

• garīyasīm: dearer (more precious)
• garīyasīm: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: garīyas (प्रातिपदिक; comparative of guru)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; comparative 'more weighty/dearer'; agrees with bhāryām

• udaya-abhyuditam: newly risen
• udaya-abhyuditam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: udaya (प्रातिपदिक) + abhyudita (कृदन्त from √ud 'to rise' with abhi)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: 'risen at dawn/at rising'; Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular; agrees with śaśāṅkam

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा): 'having seen'

• śaśāṅkam: the moon
• śaśāṅkam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śaśāṅka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, conjunction

• viśeṣataḥ: especially
• viśeṣataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: viśeṣatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb 'especially'

Context

Specially with the rising Moon in the east, he remembered his abuducted wife who was dearer to him than his life.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Sita (implied as abducted wife)
• Moon (śaśāṅka)
• East (udaya)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as steadfast marital fidelity (pativrata/patnī-niṣṭhā in ideal form): Rama’s commitment to Sītā is unwavering, making emotional remembrance itself an expression of truth and loyalty.

What is the narrative situation?

While residing near Kiṣkindhā, Rama sees the rising moon and is stirred into deeper remembrance of Sītā’s abduction.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Constancy (niṣṭhā) and love grounded in satya—Rama’s feelings align with his vow to set right the injustice done to Sītā.