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Shloka 40

दुन्दुभिवधप्रसङ्गः

The Dundubhi Episode and the Proof of Rama’s Prowess

विषाणयोर्गृहीत्वा तं दुन्दुभिं गिरिसन्निभम्।आविध्यत तदा वाली विनदन्कपिकुञ्जरः4.11.40।।

viṣāṇayor gṛhītvā taṃ dundubhiṃ girisannibham |

āvidhyata tadā vālī vinadan kapikuñjaraḥ || 4.11.40 ||

అప్పుడు కపికుంజరుడైన వాలి, పర్వతసమానమైన దుందుభిని కొమ్ముల పట్టుకొని తిప్పి, గర్జిస్తూ నేలకేసి కొట్టాడు॥

viṣāṇayoḥby the (two) horns
viṣāṇayoḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootviṣāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsakaliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti (6th/षष्ठी), Dvivacana (द्विवचन); genitive/locative in sense with gṛhītvā: 'by the two horns' (instrumental sense expressed via genitive)
gṛhītvāhaving seized
gṛhītvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√grah (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), indeclinable
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
dundubhimDundubhi
dundubhim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdundubhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
girisannibhammountain-like
girisannibham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootgiri + sannibha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: girinā sannibhaḥ (like a mountain) qualifying dundubhim
āvidhyatawhirled / hurled
āvidhyata:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√vyadh (धातु)
FormLaṅ lakāra (लङ्/imperfect), Prathama puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; ātmanepada
tadāthen
tadā:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
FormTemporal adverb
vālīVālī
vālī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvālin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
vinadanroaring
vinadan:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√nad (धातु)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; agrees with vālī/kapikuñjaraḥ
kapikuñjaraḥelephant-like monkey
kapikuñjaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkapi + kuñjara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; karmadhāraya: kuñjara iva kapiḥ (monkey like an elephant)

'Vali, the elephant-like monkey then held the mountain-like Dundubhi by the horns and struck him down, roaring loudly.

V
Vālī
D
Dundubhi

FAQs

Power is depicted in raw form, but the larger Ramayana ethic cautions that strength must be governed by righteousness; scenes of violence set up later reflections on just use of force.

The narrative recounts the start of Vālī’s decisive overpowering of Dundubhi, establishing Vālī’s fearsome might.

Martial prowess and dominance in combat (śaurya), shown through Vālī’s ability to subdue a massive foe.