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Shloka 19

दुन्दुभिवधप्रसङ्गः

The Dundubhi Episode and the Proof of Rama’s Prowess

यदि युद्धेऽसमर्थस्त्वं मद्भयाद्वा निरुद्यमः।समाचक्ष्व प्रदद्यान्मे योऽद्य युद्धं युयुत्सतः4.11.19।।

yadi yuddhe 'samarthas tvaṃ madbhayād vā nirudyamaḥ | samācakṣva pradadyān me yo 'dya yuddhaṃ yuyutsataḥ ||

నీవు యుద్ధమునకు అసమర్థుడవైతే—లేదా నా భయముచేత నిరుద్యముడవైతే—ఈ రోజు నాతో యుద్ధము చేయదలచి నాకు ద్వంద్వయుద్ధము ప్రసాదించగలవాడు ఎవడో నాకు చెప్పుము।

yadiif
yadi:
Sambandha (शर्त/Condition)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, शर्तार्थक अव्यय (conditional: 'if')
yuddhein battle
yuddhe:
Adhikarana (अधिकरणम्)
TypeNoun
Rootyuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; अधिकरण (in battle/duel)
asamarthaḥincapable
asamarthaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Predicative adjective of tvam)
TypeAdjective
Roota-samartha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नञ्-निषेध (incapable)
tvamyou
tvam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formएकवचन, प्रथमा
mad-bhayātfrom fear of me
mad-bhayāt:
Apadana (अपादानम्/Source-cause)
TypeNoun
Rootmad (अस्मद्-प्रातिपदिक) + bhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष): 'मम भयम्' → 'मद्भयात्' (from fear of me)
or
:
Sambandha (विकल्प/Alternative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, विकल्पार्थक निपात (disjunctive: 'or')
nirudyamaḥinactive; unwilling to act
nirudyamaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Predicative adjective of tvam)
TypeAdjective
Rootnir-udyama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; उपसर्ग-निर्गतार्थ (inactive/without effort)
samācakṣvatell
samācakṣva:
Kriya (क्रिया/Command)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-ā-cakṣ (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative/लोट्), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; अर्थः—'tell/declare'
pradadyātshould give
pradadyāt:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-dā (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative/विधिलिङ्), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; अर्थः—'should give'
meto me
me:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदानम्/Recipient)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formएकवचन, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी) दत्त-सम्प्रदानार्थे; enclitic form
yaḥwhoever
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject of pradadyāt)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धक सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
adyatoday; now
adya:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootadya (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, कालवाचक (today/now)
yuddhama duel; fight
yuddham:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootyuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
yuyutsataḥof (one) wishing to fight
yuyutsataḥ:
Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः)
TypeAdjective
Rootyudh (धातु) + san (सन्) + śatṛ (शतृ)
Formकृदन्त, शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; 'युयुत्सतः' = 'of one wishing to fight'

'If you are unable or unwilling to fight me out of fear, tell me who wants to challenge me to a duel.

D
Dundubhi
H
Himavān

FAQs

Dharma rejects coercive taunts: Dundubhi frames nonviolence as cowardice, showing how pride manipulates ethics by equating righteousness with weakness.

Dundubhi, angered by Himavān’s refusal, demands either a fight or the name of another challenger.

The verse foregrounds the vice of arrogance (mada) and the misuse of “honor” language to provoke conflict.