Shloka 4

हेमन्तवर्णनम् तथा भरतधर्मनिष्ठा-चिन्तनम्

Winter Description and Reflection on Bharata’s Devotion

Devanagari script

अयं स कालः सम्प्राप्तः प्रियो यस्ते प्रियंवद।अलङ्कृत इवाभाति येन संवत्सरः शुभः।।।।

Transliteration

ayaṃ sa kālaḥ samprāptaḥ priyo yas te priyaṃvada |

alaṅkṛta ivābhāti yena saṃvatsaraḥ śubhaḥ ||

Translation

హే మధురవాక్యములు పలికే ప్రియురాలా, నీకు ప్రియమైన ఋతువు ఇప్పుడు వచ్చేసింది; దాని వలన ఈ శుభ సంవత్సరం అలంకరించబడినట్లుగా ప్రకాశిస్తోంది.

Word by Word

• अयम्: this
• अयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; demonstrative

• सः: that (very)
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; emphatic/demonstrative

• कालः: time, season
• कालः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• सम्प्राप्तः: has arrived
• सम्प्राप्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-pra-āp (धातु) + kta (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; qualifying 'kālaḥ'

• प्रियः: dear
• प्रियः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: priya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; predicate adjective of 'kālaḥ'

• यः: which
• यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; relative pronoun referring to 'kālaḥ'

• ते: to you/for you
• ते: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular; enclitic form

• प्रियंवद: O sweet-speaker
• प्रियंवद: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: priyaṃ-vada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular; karmadhāraya: priyaṃ vadati iti (sweet-speaking)

• अलङ्कृतः: decorated
• अलङ्कृतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: alaṃ-kṛ (धातु) + kta (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; used predicatively with 'iva'

• इव: as if
• इव: Upamā (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Simile particle (उपमा-अव्यय)

• आभाति: shines, appears
• आभाति: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-bhā (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular

• येन: by which
• येन: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; relative pronoun

• संवत्सरः: year
• संवत्सरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃvatsara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• शुभः: auspicious
• शुभः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śubha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; qualifying 'saṃvatsaraḥ'

Context

I remember his dear, sweet, ambrosial words, soothing to the heart and pleasing to the mind.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• kāla (season)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It highlights ṛtu-dharma—respect for the orderly rhythms of time and nature—suggesting that auspiciousness arises when life moves in harmony with rightful cycles.

What is the narrative situation?

In the forest setting, Rāma remarks to Lakṣmaṇa that a beloved season has arrived, introducing a descriptive passage about seasonal change.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s attentiveness and gentle speech—he consoles and connects with Lakṣmaṇa through appreciative, measured observation.