Shloka 12

Procedure of Ācamana and Rules of Ritual Purity (Śauca)

Devanagari script

न पादुकासनस्थो वा बहिर्जानुरथापि वा । न जल्पन्न हसन्प्रेक्षन्शयानस्तल्प एव च

Transliteration

na pādukāsanastho vā bahirjānurathāpi vā | na jalpanna hasanprekṣanśayānastalpa eva ca

Translation

పాదుకాసనం గాని తక్కువ ఆసనం గాని మీద కూర్చుని కాదు; మోకాళ్లు మడిచికూడా కాదు; మాట్లాడుతూ, నవ్వుతూ, చుట్టూ చూస్తూ, మంచంపై పడుకుని కూడా (ఈ కార్యం) చేయరాదు.

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)

• pādukā-āsana-sthaḥ: standing/sitting on sandals or a seat
• pādukā-āsana-sthaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pādukā (प्रातिपदिक) + āsana (प्रातिपदिक) + stha (कृदन्त; √sthā (स्था) + kta)
• Form: Dvandva (द्वन्द्व) 'pādukā and āsana' + stha 'standing/sitting on'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/alternative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: Disjunctive particle (विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय)

• bahiḥ: outside
• bahiḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bahiḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय): 'outside'

• jānuḥ: knee (protruding/out)
• jānuḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण; posture-indicator)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jānu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); used adverbially with bahiḥ: 'knee (out)'

• atha: then/also
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (अथ; 'then/also')

• api: also/even
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (अपि; inclusion/emphasis)

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/alternative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: Disjunctive particle (विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)

• jalpan: talking
• jalpan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √jalp (जल्प्) (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: Present active participle (वर्तमानकृदन्त, शतृ); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)

• hasan: laughing
• hasan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √has (हस्) (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: Present active participle (वर्तमानकृदन्त, शतृ); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• prekṣan: looking (around)
• prekṣan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra + √īkṣ (ईक्ष्) (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: Present active participle (वर्तमानकृदन्त, शतृ); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); 'looking around/looking'

• śayānaḥ: lying down
• śayānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śayāna (कृदन्त; √śī (शी) + āna)
• Form: Present participle (आन-प्रत्यय; 'lying down'); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• talpe: on a bed
• talpe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: talpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय)

Speaker

Unspecified (contextual speaker not provided in the input excerpt; commonly presented within a didactic dialogue in Svarga-khaṇḍa).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: pādukāsanastho = pādukā-āsana-sthaḥ; bahirjānuḥ = bahiḥ + jānuḥ; jalpanna = jalpan + na; hasanprekṣanśayānaḥ = hasan + prekṣan + śayānaḥ; talpa eva = talpe + eva (vowel sandhi).

FAQs

What practice is this verse regulating?

It lists improper bodily postures and casual behaviors to be avoided during sacred acts such as mantra recitation, scriptural reading, or attentive listening.

Why are talking, laughing, and looking around discouraged here?

Because they indicate distraction and disrespect; the verse emphasizes steadiness, attentiveness, and reverence during religious observance.

What is the ethical lesson conveyed by these prohibitions?

Sacred learning and worship should be approached with discipline and mindfulness—outer posture and inner attention should align.