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Shloka 38

The Supremacy of Food-Charity and the Rāma–Śambūka Episode

Child Revived through Rājadharma

अकाले कालमापन्नं दुःखाय मम पुत्रक । अकृत्वा पितृकार्याणि गतो वैवस्वतक्षयम्

akāle kālamāpannaṃ duḥkhāya mama putraka | akṛtvā pitṛkāryāṇi gato vaivasvatakṣayam

“ఓ కుమారుడా, నీవు అకాలమునే మరణమునకు లోనయ్యావు; అది నాకు మహా దుఃఖకారణమైంది. పితృకార్యములు చేయకుండానే నీవు వైవస్వతుడు (యముడు) యొక్క ధామమునకు వెళ్లిపోయావు।”

अकालेat an untimely time
अकाले:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootअकाल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine) / नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter) प्रचलित; सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन (Singular); ‘अकाल’ = असमये
कालम्time/death-time
कालम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकाल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)
आपन्नम्met with/reached
आपन्नम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootआपद् (धातु) → आपन्न (कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); भूतकृदन्त (past participle)
दुःखायfor sorrow
दुःखाय:
Sampradana (Purpose/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), चतुर्थी (Dative), एकवचन (Singular)
ममmy/of me
मम:
Sambandha (Possessor/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन (Singular); सर्वनाम (pronoun)
पुत्रकdear son
पुत्रक:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्रक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular); स्नेहार्थक-प्रत्यय (diminutive/endearing)
अकृत्वाwithout doing
अकृत्वा:
Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund/absolutive) with negation अ-: ‘not having done’
पितृकार्याणिduties to the ancestors/father
पितृकार्याणि:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक) + कार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative), बहुवचन (Plural); ‘पितृ-कार्य’ = पितॄणां कार्याणि
गतःhas gone
गतः:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु) → गत (कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); भूतकृदन्त used predicatively (has gone)
वैवस्वतक्षयम्the abode of Yama
वैवस्वतक्षयम्:
Karma (Goal/कर्म-प्राप्ति)
TypeNoun
Rootवैवस्वत (प्रातिपदिक) + क्षय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); ‘वैवस्वत-क्षय’ = यमलोक/यमधाम (abode of Vaivasvata Yama)

Unclear from the single-verse excerpt (a lamenting parent/elder addressing a son).

Concept: Untimely death is felt as a rupture of pitṛ-kārya (ancestral obligations); household dharma links generations through rites and remembrance.

Application: Do not postpone essential duties—care for elders, perform remembrance rites, and live responsibly so dependents are not left unsupported.

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: celestial_realm

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"The grieving elder points toward the unseen southern path, naming Vaivasvata’s abode as if it were a visible horizon. Behind the lament, a faint, symbolic vision appears: Yama’s austere realm—dark gates, a stern judge, and the sense of moral accounting—contrasted with the small child’s innocence.","primary_figures":["Grieving parent/elder","Dead child","Yama (symbolic, distant)","Chitragupta (optional, symbolic)"],"setting":"Foreground at the palace gate; background as a translucent ‘vision’ of Yama-loka with shadowed architecture.","lighting_mood":"divine radiance","color_palette":["charcoal black","smoky violet","pale gold","blood red","ashen white"],"tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting style: dual-plane composition—foreground lamenting elder with child; background medallion showing Yama seated with mace, rendered with gold leaf accents and embossed ornaments; rich reds and deep blacks; ornate borders; moral drama conveyed through iconographic clarity and solemn symmetry.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari miniature style: subtle visionary overlay—Yama-loka suggested with cool violets and grays; delicate figures; the elder’s gesture leading the eye; refined emotional expression; architectural silhouettes in misty layers.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style: bold outlines; Yama depicted in traditional mural iconography with strong reds and blacks; foreground elder and child in earthy tones; temple-wall narrative clarity; stylized flames or aura separating worlds.","pichwai_prompt":"Pichwai cloth painting style: narrative panel with a circular vignette of Yama-loka above; floral borders and lotuses; deep indigo ground; gold linework; the moral cosmology presented as devotional storytelling rather than horror."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"narrative","suggested_raga":"Darbari","pace":"moderate-narrative","voice_tone":"authoritative","sound_elements":["low drum (mridang-like)","distant conch","wind","long pauses"]}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: कालमापन्नम् = कालम् + आपन्नम् (म् + आ → मा). वैवस्वतक्षयम् समास.

V
Vaivasvata (Yama)

FAQs

Vaivasvata refers to Yama, the lord of death and judge of the departed, whose realm is the destination of those who die.

Pitṛkāryāṇi are the duties owed to one’s ancestors—especially rites and obligations associated with honoring and sustaining the Pitṛs (e.g., śrāddha and related ancestral observances).

It stresses the urgency of fulfilling dharmic responsibilities—particularly ancestral obligations—because death can come unexpectedly, leaving duties unfinished and causing grief to family members.