Shloka 38

Adhyaya 76 — Hymn to the Goddess

Sanskrit

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ततः स विस्मितो राजा सभार्यः सह बन्धुभिः ।

तस्मान्निवर्त्य ममतामनुमेने वनाय तम् ॥

Transliteration

mārkaṇḍeya uvāca tataḥ sa vismito rājā sabhāryaḥ saha bandhubhiḥ / tasmānnivartya mamatāmanumene vanāya tam

Translation

మార్కండేయుడు అన్నాడు—అప్పుడు రాజు భార్యా బంధువులతో కూడి ఆశ్చర్యపడి, ‘నాది’ అనే భావాన్ని విడిచి, అతనికి అడవికి వెళ్లుటకు అనుమతి ఇచ్చాడు.

Word by Word

• mārkaṇḍeyaḥ: Mārkaṇḍeya
• mārkaṇḍeyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mārkaṇḍeya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (वच् धातु)
• Form: Liṭ (लिट्) Perfect, Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), Prathama-puruṣa (प्रथमपुरुष) 3rd person, Singular (एकवचन)

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (काल/क्रमवाचक अव्यय)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular

• vismitaḥ: astonished
• vismitaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vismita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √smi + vi, past participle)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; past passive participle (क्त) used adjectivally

• rājā: the king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular

• sa-bhāryaḥ: with (his) wife
• sa-bhāryaḥ: Sahārtha (सहार्थ/associative)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa-bhārya (प्रातिपदिक; components: sa + bhāryā)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; avyayībhāva meaning 'together with wife'

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahārtha (सहार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: Preposition-like indeclinable (सहार्थक अव्यय) governing Instrumental

• bandhubhiḥ: with relatives
• bandhubhiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bandhu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tasmāt: from that (attachment)
• tasmāt: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Ablative (पञ्चमी/5), Singular

• nivartya: having withdrawn
• nivartya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-vṛt (नि + वृत् धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्) form; 'having turned back/withdrawn'

• mamatām: possessiveness, attachment
• mamatām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mamatā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular

• anumene: consented, permitted
• anumene: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu-man (अनु + मन् धातु)
• Form: Liṭ (लिट्) Perfect, Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), Prathama-puruṣa 3rd person, Singular

• vanāya: for the forest (life)
• vanāya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Dative (चतुर्थी/4), Singular

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya narrating

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Mamatā-tyāga (abandoning possessiveness)
• Rājadharma and consent
• Support of renunciation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Even householders and rulers can practice detachment by releasing possessiveness and supporting a sincere aspirant’s renunciation—without neglecting civic stability.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ethical narrative illustration (dharma-upadeśa through ākhyāna), not a cosmological or genealogical catalog.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘king with wife and kin’ represents the full social web; its consent indicates that inner freedom can be harmonized with outer obligations when mamatā is surrendered.