Shloka 23

Adhyaya 55 — Description of Jambudvipa: The Four Forests, Lakes, and Mountain Ranges Around Mount Meru; Bharata as the Karma-Bhumi

Sanskrit

तस्मात् स्वर्गापवर्गौ च मानुष्यानारकावपि ।

तिर्यक्त्वमथवाप्यन्यत् नरः प्राप्नोति वै द्विज ॥

Transliteration

tasmāt svargāpavargau ca mānuṣya-nārakāv api | tiryaktvam athavāpy anyat naraḥ prāpnoti vai dvija ||

Translation

కాబట్టి, ఓ ద్విజా, మనిషి స్వర్గాన్ని మరియు మోక్షాన్ని పొందుతాడు; అలాగే మానవ జన్మను, నరకగతిని కూడా; లేదా తిర్యక్‌యోనిని, లేక మరేదైనా స్థితిని పొందుతాడు.

Word by Word

• तस्मात्: therefore / from that
• तस्मात्: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पञ्चमी-प्रयोगः (ablatival indeclinable sense) ‘from that/therefore’

• स्वर्गापवर्गौ: heaven and liberation
• स्वर्गापवर्गौ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वर्ग + अपवर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), द्विवचन (Dual); इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• मानुष्यानारकौ: human (state) and hellish (state)
• मानुष्यानारकौ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानुष्य + नारक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), द्विवचन (Dual); इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अप्यर्थक-निपात (also/even)

• तिर्यक्त्वम्: animality / being a beast
• तिर्यक्त्वम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिर्यक् + त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन; भाववाचक-नाम (state of being an animal)

• अथवा: or
• अथवा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथवा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive particle)

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (also)

• अन्यत्: something else
• अन्यत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन

• नरः: a man
• नरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• प्राप्नोति: attains
• प्राप्नोति: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आप् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present Indicative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चयार्थक-निपात (emphatic/assuring particle)

• द्विज: O twice-born (brahmin)
• द्विज: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/8th), एकवचन (Singular)

Speakers

• Narrative voice within the Purāṇic discourse (speaker not specified in provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Karma
• Dharma
• Soteriology (Moksha)
• Rebirth

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Bhārata is the pivot of destiny: from deliberate action and insight here, one may rise to heaven, fall to hell, return as human, become animal, or attain mokṣa—highlighting moral agency and spiritual opportunity.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sthāna with a karmic-soteriological doctrine; it connects cosmography to the Purāṇic purpose of guiding beings toward dharma and apavarga.

What is the esoteric significance?

The list of destinies maps the spectrum of consciousness: ascent (svarga), release (apavarga), descent (naraka/tiryak), and return (mānuṣya), all hinging on choice and realization in the ‘action-field’.