Shloka 21

Adhyaya 54 — Cosmography of Jambudvipa: Continents, Oceans, Varshas, and Mount Meru

Sanskrit

विपुले च तथाश्वत्थः सुपार्श्वे च वटो महान् ।

एकादशशतायामा योजनानामिमे नगाः ॥

Transliteration

vipule ca tathāśvatthaḥ supārśve ca vaṭo mahān / ekādaśaśatāyāmā yojanānāmime nagāḥ

Translation

విపుల పర్వతంపై కూడా పవిత్రమైన అశ్వత్థ (రావి) వృక్షం ఉంది; సుపార్శ్వపై మహా వట (మర్రి) వృక్షం ఉంది. ఈ పర్వతాలు పదకొండు వందల యోజనాల పొడవు వరకు విస్తరించాయి.

Word by Word

• vipule: in/at Vipula (mountain)
• vipule: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vipula (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; स्थानवाचक (locative)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• tathā: likewise/also
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक अव्यय (adverb: manner)

• aśvatthaḥ: Aśvattha (mountain/name)
• aśvatthaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aśvattha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• supārśve: in/at Supārśva (mountain)
• supārśve: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: supārśva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; स्थानवाचक

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• vaṭaḥ: Vaṭa (mountain/name)
• vaṭaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• mahān: great
• mahān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying vaṭaḥ)

• ekādaśa-śata-āyāmāḥ: having a length of eleven hundred (yojanas)
• ekādaśa-śata-āyāmāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ekādaśa (प्रातिपदिक) + śata (प्रातिपदिक) + āyāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; संख्याविशेषण-तत्पुरुषः (measure: ‘having length of eleven hundreds’)

• yojanānām: of yojanas
• yojanānām: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yojana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; परिमाण-सम्बन्ध (genitive of measure)

• ime: these
• ime: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम विशेषण (demonstrative)

• nagāḥ: mountains
• nagāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: naga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

Speakers

• Not identifiable from the supplied excerpt (cosmography narration)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Sacred Geography
• Mythic measurement

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The pairing of sacred trees with mountains reflects an integrative worldview: the holy is embedded in measurable space, blending devotion with descriptive order.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga/Sthāna cosmography: enumerating the world’s features and their dimensions.

What is the esoteric significance?

Aśvattha and Vaṭa are potent symbols of continuity and shelter; placed on cosmic mountains, they suggest enduring life-principles rooted in the axis of the world.