Shloka 69

Adhyaya 49 — Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

Sanskrit

आढकाश्चणकाश्चैव गणाः सप्तदश स्मृताः ।

इत्येता ओषधीनान्तु ग्राम्याणां जातयः पुरा ॥

Transliteration

āḍhakāś caṇakāś caiva gaṇāḥ saptadaśa smṛtāḥ | ity etā oṣadhīnān tu grāmyāṇāṃ jātayaḥ purā ||

Translation

ఇంకా ఆఢకా మరియు చణక కూడా; ఈ విధంగా పదిహేడు వర్గాలు స్మరించబడుతున్నాయి. ఇవే పూర్వకాలంలో గ్రామీణ సాగు మొక్కల రకాలు.

Word by Word

• āḍhakāḥ: āḍhaka (a kind of grain/legume; also a measure)
• āḍhakāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āḍhaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• caṇakāḥ: chickpeas
• caṇakāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: caṇaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• eva: indeed/also
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle/emphatic (निपात)

• gaṇāḥ: groups/classes
• gaṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• saptadaśa: seventeen
• saptadaśa: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saptadaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Indeclinable numeral used adjectivally (संख्याशब्दः), ‘seventeen’; here qualifying gaṇāḥ

• smṛtāḥ: are stated/are remembered
• smṛtāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: smṛ (धातु) + ta (क्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/PPP), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (इति-निपात)

• etāḥ: these
• etāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); demonstrative pronoun

• oṣadhīnām: of the crops/medicinal plants
• oṣadhīnām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: oṣadhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), contrast/emphasis

• grāmyāṇām: of domestic (village)
• grāmyāṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: grāmya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुंसक), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Plural (बहुवचन); used substantively ‘of domestic/village (ones)’

• jātayaḥ: kinds/species
• jātayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jāti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• purā: formerly/once
• purā: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: purā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (कालवाचक अव्यय)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Agriculture (vārttā)
• Tradition (smṛti)
• Classification of cultivated plants

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

By anchoring crop-knowledge in ‘purā’ and ‘smṛti’, the Purāṇa frames food security as inherited wisdom—something to be preserved, not improvised without regard for order.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga-type enumeration (created categories) rather than narrative genealogy; it supports dharma by describing the material basis of society.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Grāmya’ (settled, cultivated) implies domestication of nature—symbolically, the disciplining of impulses into a regulated life (maryādā).