Shloka 80

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

निर्जितेन्द्रियवर्गस्तु त्यक्त्वा सङ्गमशेषतः ।

मनो ब्रह्मणि सन्धाय तज्जये परमो जयः ॥

Transliteration

nirjitendriya-vargas tu tyaktvā saṅgamaśeṣataḥ |

mano brahmaṇi sandhāya taj-jaye paramo jayaḥ ||

Translation

కానీ ఇంద్రియసమూహాన్ని జయించి, ఆసక్తిని పూర్తిగా విడిచిపెట్టి, మనస్సును బ్రహ్మంలో స్థిరపరచి—అదిపై గెలుపే పరమ విజయం.

Word by Word

• निर्जित-इन्द्रिय-वर्गः: the conquered group of senses
• निर्जित-इन्द्रिय-वर्गः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निर्जित (कृदन्त; नि-√जि धातु) + इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक) + वर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.); कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-समासः: निर्जितः इन्द्रियवर्गः (whose group of senses is conquered)

• तु: indeed, however
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थक (but/indeed)

• त्यक्त्वा: having abandoned
• त्यक्त्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √त्यज् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund), पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया

• सङ्गम्: attachment, association
• सङ्गम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Acc. 2), एकवचन (sg.)

• अशेषतः: entirely
• अशेषतः: Kriya-visheshana (क्रिया-विशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अशेषतः (अव्यय)
• Form: रीत्यर्थक-अव्यय (adverb of manner): ‘completely, without remainder’

• मनः: the mind
• मनः: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), द्वितीया (Acc. 2), एकवचन (sg.)

• ब्रह्मणि: in Brahman
• ब्रह्मणि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), सप्तमी (Loc. 7), एकवचन (sg.)

• सन्धाय: having fixed (it)
• सन्धाय: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-√धा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund), पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया: ‘having fixed/placed (the mind)’

• तत्-जये: in that victory
• तत्-जये: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Domain)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + जय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), सप्तमी (Loc. 7), एकवचन (sg.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: तस्य जयः (victory over that/therein)

• परमः: supreme
• परमः: Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.); विशेषणम्

• जयः: victory
• जयः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom. 1), एकवचन (sg.)

Speakers

• Subāhu (teaching the king)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Sense-control (indriya-saṃyama)
• Vairāgya (dispassion)
• Brahman-realization

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The real conquest is internal: mastery over the senses and attachments, culminating in steady contemplation of Brahman. Political victory is secondary to self-mastery.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/adhyātma upadeśa within narrative; not one of the five cosmological-genealogical lakṣaṇas in itself.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Victory over That’ suggests overcoming the last subtle duality—mind’s separation from the absolute—where even the impulse to ‘win’ dissolves into abiding awareness.