Shloka 38

Adhyaya 39 — Yoga Discipline: Posture, Breath Control, Sense Withdrawal, and Signs of Attainment

Sanskrit

व्योमादिपरमाणूंश्च तथात्मानमकल्मषम् ।

इत्थं योगी यताहारः प्राणायामपरायणः ॥

Transliteration

vyomādi-paramāṇūṃś ca tathātmānam akalmaṣam / itthaṃ yogī yatāhāraḥ prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇaḥ //

Translation

ఇలా మితాహారుడై ప్రాణాయామమునకు పరాయణుడైన యోగి ఆకాశ పరమాణువులను మరియు ఇతర భూతతత్త్వములను ధ్యానించును; అలాగే నిర్మలమైన ఆత్మను కూడా చింతించును.

Word by Word

• vyoma-ādi-paramāṇūn: atoms of space and the like
• vyoma-ādi-paramāṇūn: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyoma (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक) + paramāṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative), Bahuvacana; samāsa: vyomādi (Tatpuruṣa: ‘vyoma etc.’) + paramāṇu (determinative: ‘atoms of space etc.’)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction)

• tathā: likewise, also
• tathā: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa avyaya (adverb)

• ātmānam: the Self
• ātmānam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative), Ekavacana

• akalmaṣam: stainless, free from impurity
• akalmaṣam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-kalmaṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative), Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of ātmānam; nañ-tatpuruṣa (negation prefix a-)

• ittham: thus, in this manner
• ittham: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ittham (अव्यय)
• Form: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa avyaya (adverb)

• yogī: the yogin
• yogī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yogin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative), Ekavacana

• yata-āhāraḥ: one with regulated diet
• yata-āhāraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yata (कृदन्त; √yam, past participle) + āhāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative), Ekavacana; karmadhāraya: ‘regulated (yata) food/intake (āhāra)’

• prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇaḥ: devoted to breath-control
• prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prāṇāyāma (प्रातिपदिक) + parāyaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: ‘devoted to prāṇāyāma’

Speakers

• Didactic narrator voice within the Purāṇic yoga instruction

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Yatāhāra (diet discipline)
• Prāṇāyāma
• Elemental subtlety
• Ātma-śuddhi

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text links bodily discipline (food regulation) with mental refinement: prāṇāyāma steadies the mind so it can penetrate from gross elements to subtle atoms, culminating in recognition of the Self as inherently pure.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

This is yogic-ācāra instruction (a dharma/upadharma passage), not genealogy or cosmic cycles; it functions as practical sādhanā within the Purāṇa’s broader teaching mission.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Atoms of space and the rest’ signals progressive subtilization of attention; as vṛttis become subtle through prāṇa-control, awareness can rest in the ‘stainless’ witness beyond elemental composition.