Shloka 34

Adhyaya 39 — Yoga Discipline: Posture, Breath Control, Sense Withdrawal, and Signs of Attainment

Sanskrit

सदात्मरतिरैकस्थः वश्यत्यात्मानमात्मनि । स बाह्याभ्यन्तरं शौचं निष्पाद्याकण्ठनाभितः ॥

Transliteration

sadātmaratir ekasthaḥ vaśyaty ātmānam ātmani | sa bāhyābhyantaraṃ śaucaṃ niṣpādya ākaṇṭhanābhitaḥ ||

Translation

సదా ఆత్మానందంలో రమిస్తూ ఏకాగ్రతలో స్థితుడై, ఆత్మను ఆత్మలోనే నియంత్రిస్తాడు. తదనంతరం నాభి నుండి కంఠం వరకు బాహ్య-ఆంతర శౌచాన్ని సంపాదిస్తాడు.

Word by Word

• सदात्मरतिः: delight in the true Self
• सदात्मरतिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत् + आत्म + रति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; तत्पुरुष (बहुपद): सत्-आत्म-रति (‘one whose delight is in the true Self’)

• एकस्थः: one-pointed
• एकस्थः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एकस्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; adjective to implied yogin; तत्पुरुष: एक + स्थ (‘standing in one place/one-pointed’)

• वश्यति: controls/subdues
• वश्यति: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वश् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present indicative), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular

• आत्मानम्: the self
• आत्मानम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• आत्मनि: in the self
• आत्मनि: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; demonstrative pronoun

• बाह्याभ्यन्तरम्: external and internal
• बाह्याभ्यन्तरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बाह्य + अभ्यन्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular; द्वन्द्व (itaretara): बाह्य + अभ्यन्तर (‘external and internal’), used adjectivally for ‘शौचम्’

• शौचम्: purification/cleanliness
• शौचम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शौच (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• निष्पाद्य: having accomplished
• निष्पाद्य: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: निस् + पद् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund); ‘having accomplished/produced’

• आकण्ठनाभितः: from throat to navel (region)
• आकण्ठनाभितः: Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देश-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ + कण्ठ + नाभि + तस् (प्रातिपदिक/अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव (adverbial compound) with तस्-anta; ‘from the throat to the navel / up to throat and navel region’ (direction/extent adverb)

Speakers

• Father–son dialogue (specific names not provided in the input)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Śauca (purity)
• Self-mastery
• One-pointedness (ekāgratā)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Purity is not only hygienic but psychological: inner cleanliness (freedom from agitation/impurity) supports stable absorption and self-governance.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

A yogic-ethical instruction (ācāra) section; not part of the five hallmark narrative categories.

What is the esoteric significance?

The specified bodily region (navel–throat) is associated with breath and internal currents; ‘internal purity’ can imply cleansing and balancing prāṇa pathways prior to deeper breath-retention and concentration.