Shloka 7

Adhyaya 37 — Cycle of Rebirth

Sanskrit

तं तथा भोगसंसर्ग-प्रमत्तमजितेन्द्रियम् ।

सुबाहुर्नाम शुश्राव भ्राता तस्य वनेचरः ॥

Transliteration

taṃ tathā bhoga-saṃsarga-pramattam ajitendriyam |

subāhur nāma śuśrāva bhrātā tasya vanecaraḥ ||

Translation

అతని సోదరుడు సుబాహు అనే వనవాసి, అతడు భోగసంగముచేత మత్తుడై ఇంద్రియజయము పొందలేదని విని తెలుసుకొనెను।

Word by Word

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā-vibhakti (accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन)

• tathā: thus, in that way
• tathā: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (Adverbial/क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Prakāra-avyaya (manner adverb/प्रकार-अव्यय)

• bhoga-saṃsarga-pramattam: careless from contact with pleasures
• bhoga-saṃsarga-pramattam: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjective of tam/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhoga + saṃsarga + pramatta (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā-vibhakti (accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन); samāsa: tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘intoxicated/careless due to association with enjoyments’

• ajita-indriyam: with uncontrolled senses
• ajita-indriyam: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjective of tam/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-jita + indriya (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā-vibhakti (accusative/द्वितīyā), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन); samāsa: bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) ‘whose senses are unconquered’

• subāhuḥ: Subāhu
• subāhuḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: subāhu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā-vibhakti (nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन)

• nāma: by name
• nāma: Sambandha (Appositive marker/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāma (अव्यय)
• Form: Saṃjñā-sūcaka-avyaya (name-indicator particle/नाम)

• śuśrāva: heard
• śuśrāva: Kriyā (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śru (धातु √श्रु)
• Form: Liṭ-lakāra (लिट्, perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• bhrātā: brother
• bhrātā: Karta (Appositive to subāhuḥ/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā-vibhakti (nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन)

• tasya: of him
• tasya: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (Genitive relation/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Ṣaṣṭhī-vibhakti (genitive/षष्ठी), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन)

• vanecaraḥ: forest-dweller
• vanecaraḥ: Karta (Appositive to subāhuḥ/bhrātā/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana + cara (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā-vibhakti (nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन); samāsa: tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘one who moves in the forest’

Speakers

• Narratorial (frame-speakers not identifiable from provided verses alone)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Sense-control
• Forest vs court values
• Moral counsel

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The narrative introduces the corrective voice: the forest-dweller represents restraint and perspective, functioning as conscience to the court’s indulgence.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita (biographical episode) rather than cosmological lakṣaṇas.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Forest’ symbolizes inner solitude and discipline; the brother’s emergence indicates that remedy for sensory excess comes from a different mode of life—withdrawal, tapas, and clarity.