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Shloka 45

Adhyaya 18Arjuna Declines the Throne; Garga Directs Him to Dattatreya; The Gods Defeat the Daityas through Dattatreya’s Vision and the Movement of Lakshmi

गर्ग उवाच सानुरागास्ततस्ते तु प्रोक्ताश्चेत्थं परस्परम् ।

तस्य तां योषितं साध्वीं समुत्क्षिप्य स्मरार्दिताः ॥

garga uvāca sānurāgās tatas te tu proktāś cettthaṃ parasparam | tasya tāṃ yoṣitaṃ sādhvīṃ samutkṣipya smarārditāḥ ||

గర్గుడు అన్నాడు—ఇలా వారు పరస్పరం రాగంతో మాట్లాడుకున్నారు; ఆపై కామపీడితులై అతని సతీమణి, పతివ్రతను ఎత్తుకున్నారు।

gargaḥGarga
gargaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootgarga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
sa-anurāgāḥfull of passion/attachment
sa-anurāgāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa (उपसर्ग/सह) + anurāga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः (anurāgavat)
tataḥthen
tataḥ:
Kāla (काल/Temporal)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
Formअव्ययम् (thereupon)
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
tubut/indeed
tu:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपातः (contrastive particle)
proktāḥwere spoken/said
proktāḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया as participial predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootprokta (प्र-वच्-धातु, क्त-कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-निपातः (conjunction)
itthamthus
ittham:
Prakāra (प्रकार/Manner)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootittham (अव्यय)
Formअव्ययम् (adverb: thus/in this manner)
parasparamto one another
parasparam:
Pratiyogin (प्रतियोगिन्/Reciprocal)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootparaspara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् प्रयोगः (reciprocal adverb)
tasyaof him/of that (one)
tasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी, एकवचन
tāmher
tām:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
yoṣitamwoman
yoṣitam:
Karma (कर्म/Object apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootyoṣit (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
sādhvīmvirtuous/chaste
sādhvīm:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsādhvī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम्
samutkṣipyahaving lifted up
samutkṣipya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-ut-kṣip (क्षिप्-धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund)
smara-arditāḥafflicted by desire
smara-arditāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootsmara (प्रातिपदिक) + ardita (अर्द्-धातु, क्त-कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तृतीया-तत्पुरुषः (smareṇa arditāḥ = afflicted by love)
Garga (narrator)
Kāma/Smara (implicit)
Not applicable
Violation of virtue (sādhvī)Kāma as afflictionNarrative condemnation through diction

FAQs

Calling her ‘sādhvī’ underscores the gravity of the act: it is not romance but transgression. Desire (smara) is portrayed as a force that ‘afflicts,’ not ennobles, when divorced from dharma.

Didactic narrative (ākhyāna) reinforcing dharma norms concerning women’s protection and restraint of passions.

‘Smara-ardita’ indicates being wounded by mental imagery. Esoterically, the ‘lifting’ is the attempt of lower impulses to elevate themselves by stealing higher virtue—an impossible inversion.