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Shloka 35

अध्याय ३० — क्रोधदोषाः क्षमाप्रशंसा च

Defects of Anger and the Praise of Forbearance

यथा काष्ठेन वा काष्ठमश्मानं चाश्मना पुन: । अयसा चाप्ययश्शषिन्द्यान्निर्विचेष्टमचेतनम्‌,महाराज युधिष्ठिर! जैसे अचेतन एवं चेष्टारहित काठ, पत्थर और लोहेको मनुष्य काठ, पत्थर और लोहेसे ही काट देता है, उसी प्रकार सबके प्रपितामह स्वयम्भू भगवान्‌ श्रीहरि मायाकी आड़ लेकर प्राणियोंसे ही प्राणियोंका विनाश करते हैं

yathā kāṣṭhena vā kāṣṭham aśmānaṃ cāśmanā punaḥ | ayasā cāpy ayaḥ śastrair indriyāṇi nirviceṣṭam acetanaṃ ||

మహారాజ యుధిష్ఠిరా! చైతన్యరహితమైన, కదలికలేని కట్టె, రాయి, ఇనుము—కట్టె, రాయి, ఇనుముతోనే కోయబడతాయి, పగలగొట్టబడతాయి; అలాగే సమస్తుల ప్రపితామహుడైన స్వయంభూ భగవాన్ హరి మాయావరణం ధరించి, ప్రాణుల చేతనే ప్రాణుల వినాశాన్ని కలిగిస్తాడు।

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
काष्ठेनwith/by a piece of wood
काष्ठेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाष्ठ
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
काष्ठम्wood (another piece of wood)
काष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाष्ठ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अश्मानम्a stone
अश्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अश्मनाwith/by a stone
अश्मना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअश्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पुनःagain; likewise
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
अयसाwith/by iron
अयसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअयस
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso; even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अयःiron
अयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअयस
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इन्द्रियैःby the senses
इन्द्रियैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
निर्विचेष्टम्motionless; without activity
निर्विचेष्टम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्विचेष्ट
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अचेतनम्unconscious; insentient
अचेतनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअचेतन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
H
Hari (Śrī Hari / Viṣṇu)
S
Svayambhū
W
wood (kāṣṭha)
S
stone (aśman)
I
iron (ayas)
W
weapons/tools (śastra)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that apparent human (or creaturely) agency can be understood as instrumental: just as inert materials are acted upon by similar materials, the Lord—concealed by māyā—brings about outcomes in the world through the very beings within it. This frames violence and destruction as occurring through proximate agents, while ultimate governance is attributed to the divine order.

Yudhiṣṭhira reflects on causation and responsibility, using a physical analogy (wood/stone/iron acting upon wood/stone/iron) to explain how the supreme Lord (Hari), remaining hidden behind māyā, causes one set of creatures to become the means for the destruction of another. It is a contemplative statement meant to interpret suffering and conflict within a larger metaphysical framework.