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Shloka 3

उद्योगपर्व — विदुरनीतिः (Adhyāya 37): आयुःक्षयहेतवः, नीतिसूत्राणि, बलभेदाः, पाण्डव-विग्रहदोषदर्शनम्

यस्योदकं मधुपर्क च गां च न मन्त्रवित्‌ प्रतिगृह्नाति गेहे । लोभाद्‌ भयादथ कार्पण्यतो वा तस्यानर्थ जीवितमाहुरार्या:,वेदवेत्ता ब्राह्मण जिसके घर दाताके लोभ, भय या कंजूसीके कारण जल, मधुपर्क और गौको नहीं स्वीकार करता, श्रेष्ठ पुरुषोंने उस गृहस्थका जीवन व्यर्थ बताया है

yasyodakaṁ madhuparkaṁ ca gāṁ ca na mantravit pratigṛhṇāti gehe | lobhād bhayād atha kārpaṇyato vā tasyānarthaṁ jīvitam āhur āryāḥ ||

విదురుడు అన్నాడు—దాత యొక్క లోభం, భయం లేదా కృపణత్వం వల్ల మంత్రవేత్త బ్రాహ్మణుడు ఏ ఇంట్లో నీరు, మధుపర్కం, గోవును స్వీకరించడంలేదో, ఆ గృహస్థుని జీవితం వ్యర్థమని ఆర్యులు చెప్పారు.

यस्यof whom/whose
यस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
उदकम्water
उदकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउदक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मधुपर्कम्madhuparka (honey-mixture offered to a guest)
मधुपर्कम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमधुपर्क
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गाम्a cow
गाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मन्त्रवित्knower of mantras; learned (brahmin)
मन्त्रवित्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्रविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिगृह्णातिaccepts/receives
प्रतिगृह्णाति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-ग्रह्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
गेहेin (a) house
गेहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगृह
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
लोभात्from greed; out of greed
लोभात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootलोभ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
भयात्from fear; out of fear
भयात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
अथor else/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
कार्पण्यतःfrom miserliness/poverty of spirit
कार्पण्यतः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकार्पण्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
तस्यof that (man/householder)
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अनर्थम्useless; futile
अनर्थम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनर्थ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
जीवितम्life; living
जीवितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजीवित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey say/declare
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
आर्याःthe noble/virtuous (people)
आर्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
B
brāhmaṇa (mantravit)
U
udaka (water offering)
M
madhuparka
G
gauḥ (cow)

Educational Q&A

Proper hospitality and the honoring of worthy guests are central to household dharma; when greed, fear, or miserly poverty prevents the appropriate exchange of honor (offering and acceptance), life in the householder’s role is judged fruitless by the noble.

In Vidura’s ethical counsel during the Udyoga Parva, he states a norm of righteous social conduct: a learned brāhmaṇa should accept the standard tokens of welcome—water, madhuparka, and a cow—when offered; refusal driven by base motives signals a breakdown of dharmic order and renders the householder’s life ‘without purpose’ in the eyes of the wise.