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Shloka 11

अध्याय २९ — वासुदेव–संजय संवादः

Karma, Varṇa-Dharma, and the Ethics of Governance

ये जीवन्ति व्यवहारेण राष्टरे पशुूंश्ष ये पालयन्तो वसन्ति,(कृषीवला बिश्रति ये च लोकं तेषां सर्वेषां कुशल सम पृच्छे: ।) जो कौरव-राज्यमें व्यापारसे जीविका चलाते हैं, पशुओंका पालन करते हुए निवास करते हैं तथा जो खेती करके सब लोगोंका भरण-पोषण करते हैं, उन सब वैश्योंका भी कुशल-समाचार पूछना

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | ye jīvanti vyavahāreṇa rāṣṭre paśūṃś ca ye pālayanto vasanti | kṛṣīvalā bibhrati ye ca lokaṃ teṣāṃ sarveṣāṃ kuśala-samāṃ pṛcche ||

కౌరవ రాజ్యంలో వ్యాపారంతో జీవించే వారు, పశుపాలన చేస్తూ నివసించే వారు, మరియు వ్యవసాయం ద్వారా ప్రజలను పోషించే రైతులు—ఆ వైశ్యులందరి కుశలాన్ని కూడా విచారించుము.

येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जीवन्तिlive, make a living
जीवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootजीव्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
व्यवहारेणby trade/business
व्यवहारेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवहार
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
राष्ट्रेin the kingdom/state
राष्ट्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पशून्cattle/animals
पशून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपशु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पालयन्तःprotecting/keeping (tending)
पालयन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपालयत् (पालय् < पाल्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, शतृ (present active participle)
वसन्तिdwell, reside
वसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवस्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
कृषीवलाःfarmers/cultivators
कृषीवलाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृषीवल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बिभ्रतिsupport, maintain
बिभ्रति:
TypeVerb
Rootभृ
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
लोकम्the people/world
लोकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सर्वेषाम्of all
सर्वेषाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
कुशलम्welfare, well-being
कुशलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुशल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सम्properly, fully (intensifier with verb)
सम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्
पृच्छेI ask/inquire
पृच्छे:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ्
FormPresent, First, Singular, Atmanepada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
R
rāṣṭra (the kingdom)
V
Vaiśyas (traders, herders, farmers)
P
paśu (livestock)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s dharma includes active concern for the well-being of productive communities—traders, herders, and farmers—because they sustain the kingdom’s prosperity and the people’s daily life.

Yudhiṣṭhira, speaking in the Udyoga Parva context of political tension, inquires about the welfare of the Vaiśya class in the Kaurava realm, emphasizing responsible governance and social stability.