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Shloka 4

भीष्मस्य सेनापत्यप्रतिज्ञा तथा रथसंख्यावर्णनम् | Bhishma Accepts Command and Enumerates Kaurava Strength

परवीर्य समाश्रित्य यः समाह्दयते परान्‌ | क्षत्रबन्धु रशक्तत्वाल्लोके स पुरुषाधम:,“जो दूसरेके बल-पराक्रमका आश्रय ले शत्रुओंको युद्धके लिये बुलाता है, वह क्षत्रबन्धु असमर्थ होनेके कारण लोकमें पुरुषाधम कहा गया है

paravīrya samāśritya yaḥ samāhvayate parān | kṣatrabandhuḥ aśaktatvāl loke sa puruṣādhamaḥ ||

ఇతరుల బల-పరాక్రమాన్ని ఆశ్రయించి శత్రువులను యుద్ధానికి పిలిచేవాడు పేరు మాత్రపు క్షత్రియుడు; తన అశక్తత వల్ల లోకంలో అతడు పురుషాధముడని చెప్పబడతాడు.

परवीर्यम्another's prowess/strength
परवीर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपर-वीर्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समाश्रित्यhaving resorted to / relying on
समाश्रित्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-श्रि
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समाह्वयतेchallenges/calls (to battle)
समाह्वयते:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-ह्वा
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, 3rd, Singular
परान्others; enemies
परान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
क्षत्रबन्धुःa kshatriya only by kin/name (unworthy kshatriya)
क्षत्रबन्धुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्र-बन्धु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अशक्तत्वात्because of inability/weakness
अशक्तत्वात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअ-शक्त-त्व
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषाधमःthe lowest of men; vile man
पुरुषाधमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष-अधम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

The verse criticizes the warrior who issues a battle-challenge while depending on others’ strength. In the kṣatriya ethical ideal, courage and accountability must be personal; relying on borrowed might to provoke conflict is portrayed as dishonorable and morally blameworthy.

Sañjaya delivers a moral judgment within the Udyoga Parva’s war-preparation context, characterizing a certain type of challenger: one who summons opponents to fight not from his own capacity but by sheltering behind stronger allies, thereby earning the reproach ‘kṣatrabandhu’ and ‘puruṣādhama’.