Shloka 6

कृतं त्रेता द्वापरं च कलिश्न भरतर्षभ । राजवृत्तानि सर्वाणि राजैव युगमुच्यते,भरतश्रेष्ठ! सत्ययुग, त्रेता, द्वापर और कलियुग--ये सब-के-सब राजाके आचरणोंमें स्थित हैं। राजा ही युगोंका प्रवर्तक होनेके कारण युग कहलाता है

kṛtaṃ tretā dvāparaṃ ca kaliś ca bharatarṣabha | rājavṛttāni sarvāṇi rājā eva yugam ucyate, bharataśreṣṭha ||

భరతశ్రేష్ఠా! కృత, త్రేతా, ద్వాపర, కలి—ఈ యుగాలన్నీ రాజుని ఆచరణంలోనే ఆధారపడివున్నాయి. యుగాన్ని ప్రవర్తింపజేసేవాడైన రాజునే ‘యుగం’ అని అంటారు.

कृतम्Krita (Satya) age
कृतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
त्रेताTretā age
त्रेता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्रेता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
द्वापरम्Dvāpara age
द्वापरम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्वापर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कलिःKali age
कलिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकलि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-ऋषभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
राजवृत्तानिroyal courses of conduct
राजवृत्तानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराज-वृत्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
सर्वाणिall
सर्वाणि:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
राजाin the king
राजा:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
एवindeed/alone
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
युगम्the age (yuga)
युगम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुग
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said/called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
भरतश्रेष्ठO best of the Bharatas
भरतश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

उतथ्य उवाच

U
Utathya
B
Bharatarṣabha (addressed listener)
B
Bharataśreṣṭha (addressed listener)
K
Kṛta/Satya-yuga
T
Tretā-yuga
D
Dvāpara-yuga
K
Kali-yuga
R
Rājā (the king)

Educational Q&A

The moral quality of an age is not merely cosmic fate; it is concretely produced by the king’s conduct. When the ruler embodies dharma, society experiences a ‘Kṛta-like’ condition; when the ruler is unrighteous, society slides toward ‘Kali-like’ disorder. Thus political leadership is presented as a primary driver of collective ethics.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and governance, the sage Utathya addresses a Bharata prince/kingly listener, explaining that the four yugas are reflected in and effectively instituted by the behavior and policies of the reigning king.