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Shloka 36

राजधर्मः—प्रमादवर्जनं, दण्डनीतिः, दुर्बलरक्षणम्

Royal Dharma: Vigilance, Just Punishment, Protection of the Vulnerable

यदा शारणिकानू्‌ राजा पुत्रवत्‌ परिरक्षति । भिनत्ति च न मर्यादां स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते,जब राजा व्यापारियोंकी पुत्रके समान रक्षा करता है और धर्मकी मर्यादाको भंग नहीं करता, तब वह भी राजाका धर्म कहलाता है

yadā śāraṇikān rājā putravat parirakṣati | bhinatti ca na maryādāṃ sa rājño dharma ucyate ||

రాజు శరణు కోరినవారిని తన కుమారులవలె కాపాడి, ధర్మవ్యవస్థ యొక్క మర్యాదలను అతిక్రమించనప్పుడు—ఆ ప్రవర్తనే రాజధర్మమని చెప్పబడుతుంది.

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
शारणिकान्traders/merchants
शारणिकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशारणिक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रवत्like (his) sons; as if sons
पुत्रवत्:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुत्रवत्
परिरक्षतिprotects
परिरक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-रक्ष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
भिनत्तिbreaks/violates
भिनत्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभिद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मर्यादाम्boundary; limit; propriety
मर्यादाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमर्यादा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सःhe/that (conduct)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
धर्मःduty; dharma
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said/called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive (Karmani)

उतथ्य उवाच

U
Utathya
T
the king
Ś
śāraṇika (refuge-seekers/dependents)

Educational Q&A

A king’s dharma is defined by two linked duties: compassionate protection of those under his care (especially the vulnerable and refuge-seekers) and strict adherence to maryādā—recognized moral and legal boundaries—so that power is exercised without arbitrariness.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Utathya articulates a criterion for righteous kingship: the ruler must guard dependents as dearly as his own children and must not transgress the limits of dharma; such conduct is praised as the true duty of a king.