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Shloka 2

राजधर्मः—प्रजापालनं दानयज्ञश्च

Royal Duty—Protection of Subjects, Generosity, and Sacrificial Discipline

युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--पितामह! राजा जिस वृत्तिसे रहनेपर अपने प्रजाजनोंकी उन्नति करता है और स्वयं भी विशुद्ध लोकोंपर विजय प्राप्त कर लेता है, वह मुझे बताइये ।। भीष्म उवाच दानशीलो भवेद्‌ राजा यज्ञशीलश्न भारत । उपवासतप:शील: प्रजानां पालने रत:,भीष्मजीने कहा--भरतनन्दन! राजाको सदा ही दानशील, यज्ञशील, उपवास और तपस्यामें तत्पर एवं प्रजा-पालनमें संलग्न रहना चाहिये

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca—pitāmaha! rājā yāṃ vṛttiṃ samāsthāya prajājanānām unnatiṃ karoti svayaṃ ca viśuddha-lokān jayati, tāṃ me brūhi || bhīṣma uvāca—dānaśīlo bhaved rājā yajñaśīlaś ca bhārata | upavāsa-tapaḥśīlaḥ prajānāṃ pālane rataḥ ||

యుధిష్ఠిరుడు అడిగాడు— “పితామహా! ఏ జీవనవృత్తితో రాజు తన ప్రజల క్షేమాభివృద్ధిని సాధించి, తానూ విశుద్ధమైన ఉన్నత లోకాలను పొందగలడో దయచేసి చెప్పండి.” భీష్ముడు పలికాడు— “ఓ భారతవంశజా! రాజు దానశీలుడై, యజ్ఞపరుడై, ఉపవాస-తపస్సుల్లో నియమశీలుడై, ప్రజాపాలనలో నిత్యం నిమగ్నుడై ఉండాలి.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
दानशीलःgenerous (having the habit of giving)
दानशीलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदानशील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यज्ञशीलःdevoted to sacrifices (habitually performing yajñas)
यज्ञशीलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयज्ञशील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
उपवासतपःशीलःgiven to fasting and austerity
उपवासतपःशीलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउपवासतपःशील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजानाम्of the subjects
प्रजानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
पालनेin protection (in the act of protecting)
पालने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपालन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
रतःengaged, devoted
रतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma
B
Bharata (dynastic epithet)

Educational Q&A

A king’s dharma is defined by beneficent governance: generosity (dāna), commitment to sacred duty (yajña), personal discipline through fasting and austerity (upavāsa, tapas), and unwavering dedication to protecting and nurturing the subjects (prajā-pālana). Such conduct brings both public prosperity and the ruler’s own spiritual merit.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue on statecraft and dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira asks Bhīṣma to describe the conduct by which a ruler ensures the people’s uplift and attains higher, pure realms. Bhīṣma answers with a concise list of royal virtues and duties.