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Shloka 104

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

यस्यां भवन्ति भूतानि तद्‌ विद्धि मनुजर्षभ । एष एव परो धर्मो यद्‌ राजा दण्डनीतिमान्‌,नरश्रेष्ठ! तुम्हें यह ज्ञात होना चाहिये कि समस्त प्राणी दण्डनीतिके आधारपर ही टिके हुए हैं। राजा दण्डनीतिसे युक्त हो उसीके अनुसार चले--यही उसका सबसे बड़ा धर्म है

yasyāṁ bhavanti bhūtāni tad viddhi manujarṣabha | eṣa eva paro dharmo yad rājā daṇḍanītimān ||

మనుజశ్రేష్ఠా! సమస్త ప్రాణులు ఆధారపడింది దండమే అని తెలుసుకో. కాబట్టి రాజునకు పరమధర్మం ఇదే—దండనీతితో యుక్తుడై దాని ప్రకారమే ప్రవర్తించడం.

यस्याम्in which
यस्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
भवन्तिexist / come to be
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada, Indicative
भूतानिbeings / creatures
भूतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विद्धिknow (you) / understand
विद्धि:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
मनुजर्षभO bull among men
मनुजर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootमनुज-ऋषभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
एषःthis
एषः:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed / alone
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
परःsupreme / highest
परः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःduty / dharma
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्that which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दण्डनीतिमान्possessing the policy of punishment (dandanīti)
दण्डनीतिमान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदण्डनीति-मत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नरश्रेष्ठO best of men
नरश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootनर-श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (rājā)
A
All beings (bhūtāni)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that social and moral order depends on daṇḍa—legitimate coercive authority exercised through daṇḍanīti. For a king, the supreme dharma is to uphold justice and stability by applying punishment and governance wisely and according to proper policy.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship, Bhishma addresses the listener as “best of men” and explains a foundational principle of rajadharma: all beings are sustained by the ruler’s disciplined administration of law and punishment; thus the king must be daṇḍanītimān and act accordingly.