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Shloka 31

Āśrama-dharma: Duties of the Four Life-Stages (आश्रमधर्मः)

राज्ञा वा समनुज्ञात: काम॑ कुर्वीत धार्मिक: । तस्य वृत्तिं प्रवक्ष्यामि यच्च तस्योपजीवनम्‌,धर्मात्मा शूद्र राजाकी आज्ञा लेकर अपनी इच्छाके अनुसार कोई धार्मिक कृत्य कर सकता है। अब मैं उसकी वृत्तिका वर्णन करूँगा, जिससे उसकी आजीविका चल सकती है

rājñā vā samanujñātaḥ kāmaṁ kurvīta dhārmikaḥ | tasya vṛttiṁ pravakṣyāmi yac ca tasyopajīvanam ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—లేదా రాజు సమ్యక్ అనుమతి ఇచ్చినచో ధర్మనిష్ఠుడు తన ఇష్టానుసారం కార్యాన్ని చేపట్టవచ్చు. ఇప్పుడు అతని యోగ్యమైన వృత్తి, ఉపజీవన మార్గం ఏదో నేను వివరిస్తాను, తద్వారా ధర్మానుగుణంగా జీవించగలడు.

राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
समनुज्ञातःhaving been permitted/authorized
समनुज्ञातः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-अनु-ज्ञा (समनुज्ञात)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कामम्as he wishes; at will
कामम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकाम
कुर्वीतshould do; may perform
कुर्वीत:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धार्मिकःa righteous man
धार्मिकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधार्मिक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof him; his
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
वृत्तिम्means of livelihood; mode of living
वृत्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्रवक्ष्यामिI shall declare
प्रवक्ष्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वच्
FormSimple Future (Lṛṭ), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
यत्which; that which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तस्यof him; his
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
उपजीवनम्livelihood; subsistence
उपजीवनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootउपजीवन
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)

Educational Q&A

Even personal choice in action (kāmaṁ kurvīta) should be exercised within the framework of dharma and legitimate social authority; when the king grants permission, a righteous person may proceed, and one’s livelihood should be explained and chosen in a dharma-consistent way.

Bhishma continues his instruction in the Shanti Parva, transitioning into a discussion of proper occupations and means of subsistence, stating that with royal authorization a dharmic person may undertake desired work, and then promising to detail the appropriate livelihood.