Shloka 21

राजा दूसरा कर्म करे या न करे, प्रजाकी रक्षा करने-मात्रसे वह कृतकृत्य हो जाता है। उसमें इन्द्र देवता-सम्बन्धी बलकी प्रधानता होनेसे राजा 'ऐन्द्र' कहलाता है ।। वैश्यस्यापि हि यो धर्मस्तं ते वक्ष्यामि शाश्वतम्‌ | दानमध्ययनं यज्ञ: शौचेन धनसंचय:,अब वैश्यका जो सनातन धर्म है, वह तुम्हें बता रहा हूँ। दान, अध्ययन, यज्ञ और पवित्रतापूर्वक धनका संग्रह ये वैश्यके कर्म हैं

vaiśyasyāpi hi yo dharmas taṃ te vakṣyāmi śāśvatam | dānam adhyayanaṃ yajñaḥ śaucena dhana-saṃcayaḥ ||

ప్రజారక్షణ మాత్రముచేతనే రాజు కృతకృత్యుడగును. ఇంద్రసంబంధమైన తేజస్సు అతనిలో ప్రధానమగుటచేత రాజు ‘ఐంద్రుడు’ అని చెప్పబడును. ఇక వైశ్యుని శాశ్వత ధర్మమును నీకు చెప్పుచున్నాను—దానం, అధ్యయనం, యజ్ఞం, మరియు శుచిత్వంతో ధనసంచయం; ఇవే వైశ్యుని కర్మలు.

वैश्यस्यof the Vaiśya
वैश्यस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अपिalso/indeed
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
हिfor/indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
यःwhich/that (who)
यः:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःduty/dharma
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तम्that (him/it)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular
वक्ष्यामिI shall tell
वक्ष्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
शाश्वतम्eternal/perpetual
शाश्वतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशाश्वत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दानम्giving/charity
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अध्ययनम्study
अध्ययनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअध्ययन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यज्ञःsacrifice/ritual
यज्ञः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शौचेनwith purity/cleanliness
शौचेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशौच
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
धनसंचयःaccumulation of wealth
धनसंचयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधन-संचय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
V
Vaishya

Educational Q&A

Bhishma defines the enduring duties of the Vaishya: to give in charity, to pursue study, to perform yajña (sacrificial/ritual duty), and to accumulate wealth through śauca—purity, honesty, and clean means—so that prosperity supports social and religious order.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma after the war, Bhishma continues his systematic teaching to Yudhishthira by outlining varna-based responsibilities; here he turns specifically to the Vaishya’s role in sustaining society through learning, ritual support, generosity, and ethically acquired wealth.