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Shloka 48

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

तथा खातविधानं च योग: संचार एव च | चोरैराटविकैश्नोग्रै: परराष्ट्स्य पीडनम्‌

tathā khātavidhānaṃ ca yogaḥ saṃcāra eva ca | corair āṭavikaiś cograir pararāṣṭrasya pīḍanam ||

భీష్ముడు అన్నాడు—“అలాగే గుంతలు త్రవ్వి దాచిన ఏర్పాట్లు చేయడం, యుక్తులు ప్రయోగించడం, రహస్య సంచారం చేయడం—మరియు ఉగ్ర దొంగలు, అరణ్య దోపిడీదారుల చేత శత్రు రాజ్యాన్ని వేధించడం—ఇవి ప్రత్యర్థి రాష్ట్రాన్ని బాధించేందుకు ఉపయోగించే ఉపాయాలు.”

तथाthus; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
खात-विधानम्the arrangement/provision of trenches (moats)
खात-विधानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootखातविधान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
योगःdeployment; arrangement; strategic preparation
योगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संचारःmovement; patrolling; circulation
संचारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चोरैःby thieves
चोरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootचोर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
आटविकैःby forest-tribesmen/bandits
आटविकैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआटविक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उग्रैःby fierce (ones)
उग्रैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
पर-राष्ट्रस्यof the enemy/other kingdom
पर-राष्ट्रस्य:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपरराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
पीडनम्harassing; afflicting; oppression
पीडनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपीडन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
P
pararāṣṭra (enemy kingdom/state)
C
cora (thieves/bandits)
Ā
āṭavika (forest-raiders)

Educational Q&A

The verse lists harsh but recognized instruments of rājadharma (state policy in conflict): traps, stratagems, covert movement, and using irregular forces to pressure an enemy state—highlighting that governance includes pragmatic measures, even morally tense ones, when protecting one’s realm.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on kingship and policy. Here he enumerates specific tactics used to weaken an opposing kingdom, describing forms of covert and irregular warfare.