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Shloka 4

राजधर्मस्य नवनीतम्—रक्षा, दण्ड, चार, उत्थान

Rājadharma’s ‘Essence’: Protection, Punishment, Intelligence, and Royal Diligence

रक्षामेव प्रशंसन्ति धर्म धर्मभूतां वर । राज्ञां राजीवताम्राक्ष साधन चात्र मे शृणु,इनके सिवा भगवान्‌ विशालाक्ष, महातपस्वी शुक्राचार्य, सहस्तर नेत्रोंवाले इन्द्र, प्राचेतस मनु, भगवान्‌ भरद्वाज और मुनिवर गौरशिरा--ये सभी ब्राह्मणभक्त और ब्रह्मवादी लोग राजशास्त्रके प्रणेता हैं, ये सब राजाके लिये प्रजापालनरूप धर्मकी ही प्रशंसा करते हैं। धर्मात्माओंमें श्रेष्ठ कमलनयन युधिष्ठिर! इस रक्षात्मक धर्मके साधनोंका वर्णन करता हूँ, सुनो

bhīṣma uvāca | rakṣām eva praśaṃsanti dharmaṃ dharmabhūtāṃ vara | rājñāṃ rājīvatāmrākṣa sādhanaṃ cātra me śṛṇu ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—ధర్మాత్ములలో శ్రేష్ఠుడా! వారు ‘రక్షణ’నే ధర్మస్వరూపమని అత్యంతంగా ప్రశంసిస్తారు. కమలనయనుడా! ఇప్పుడు ఈ రక్షాధర్మ సాధనాలను నా నుండి విను.

रक्षाम्protection
रक्षाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
प्रशंसन्तिpraise
प्रशंसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-शंस्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
धर्मम्duty/law (dharma)
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मभूताम्having the nature of dharma / consisting of dharma
धर्मभूताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मभूत
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वरO best/excellent one
वर:
TypeNoun
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
राजीवताम्राक्षO lotus-reddish-eyed one
राजीवताम्राक्ष:
TypeNoun
Rootराजीवताम्राक्ष
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
साधनम्means/instrument
साधनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसाधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अत्रhere/in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
मेmy/of me
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
शृणुlisten
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira

Educational Q&A

The king’s foremost dharma is rakṣā—protecting and sustaining the people. This protective function is not merely administrative; it is presented as intrinsically righteous (dharmabhūtā) and therefore the central ethical measure of rulership.

In the Shanti Parva dialogue, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on rajadharma. Here he transitions into explaining the practical means (sādhana) of the protective duty of kings, urging Yudhishthira to listen.