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Shloka 11

राजधर्मस्य नवनीतम्—रक्षा, दण्ड, चार, उत्थान

Rājadharma’s ‘Essence’: Protection, Punishment, Intelligence, and Royal Diligence

युधिष्ठिर! गुप्तचर (जासूस) रखना, दूसरे राष्ट्रोमें अपना प्रतिनिधि (राजदूत) नियुक्त करना, सेवकोंको उनके प्रति ईर्ष्या न रखते हुए समयपर वेतन और भत्ता देना, युक्तिसे कर लेना, अन्यायसे प्रजाके धनको न हड़पना, सत्पुरुषोंका संग्रह करना, शूरता, कार्यदक्षता, सत्यभाषण, प्रजाका हित-चिन्तन, सरल या कुटिल उपायोंसे भी शत्रुपक्षमें फूट डालना, पुराने घरोंकी मरम्मत एवं मन्दिरोंका जीर्णोद्धार कराना, दीन-दुखियोंकी देखभाल करना, समयानुसार शारीरिक और आर्थिक दोनों प्रकारके दण्डका प्रयोग करना, साधु पुरुषोंका त्याग न करना, कुलीन मनुष्योंको अपने पास रखना, संग्रहयोग्य वस्तुओंका संग्रह करना, बुद्धिमान्‌ पुरुषोंका सेवन करना, पुरस्कार आदिके द्वारा सेनाका हर्ष और उत्साह बढ़ाना, नित्य-निरन्तर प्रजाकी देख-भाल करना, कार्य करनेमें कष्टका अनुभव न करना, कोषको बढ़ाना, नगरकी रक्षाका पूरा प्रबन्ध करना, इस विषयमें दूसरोंके विश्वासपर न रहना, पुरवासियोंने अपने विरुद्ध कोई गुटबंदी की हो तो उसमें फ़ूट डलवा देना, शत्रु, मित्र और मध्यस्थोंपर यथोचित दृष्टि रखना, दूसरोंके द्वारा अपने सेवकोंमें भी गुटबंदी न होने देना, स्वयं ही अपने नगरका निरीक्षण करना, स्वयं किसीपर भी पूरा विश्वास न करना, दूसरोंको आश्वासन देना, नीतिधर्मका अनुसरण करना, सदा ही उद्योगशील बने रहना, शत्रुओंकी ओरसे सावधान रहना और नीच कर्मों तथा दुष्ट पुरुषोंको सदाके लिये त्याग देना--ये सभी राज्यकी रक्षाके साधन हैं

Yudhiṣṭhira! guptacaraṃ (jāsūsa) rakhnā, dūsare rāṣṭroṃ meṃ apnā pratinidhi (rājadūta) niyukta karnā, sevakoṃ ko unke prati īrṣyā na rakhte hue samay par vetan aur bhattā denā, yuktise kara lenā, anyāy se prajā ke dhana ko na haṛapnā, satpuruṣoṃ kā saṅgraha karnā, śūratā, kāryadakṣatā, satyabhāṣaṇa, prajā kā hita-cintana, saral yā kuṭil upāyoṃ se bhī śatrupakṣ meṃ phūṭ ḍālnā, purāne gharoṃ kī marammat evaṃ mandiroṃ kā jīrṇoddhāra karānā, dīna-dukhiyoṃ kī dekhbhāl karnā, samayānusār śārīrik aur ārthik donoṃ prakār ke daṇḍ kā prayoga karnā, sādhu puruṣoṃ kā tyāga na karnā, kulīna manuṣyoṃ ko apne pās rakhnā, saṅgrahayogya vastuoṃ kā saṅgraha karnā, buddhimān puruṣoṃ kā sevana karnā, puraskār ādike dvārā senā kā harṣa aur utsāha baṛhānā, nitya-nirantar prajā kī dekh-bhāl karnā, kārya karne meṃ kaṣṭ kā anubhav na karnā, koṣ ko baṛhānā, nagar kī rakṣā kā pūrā prabandh karnā, is viṣay meṃ dūsroṃ ke viśvās par na rahnā, puravāsiyoṃ ne apne viruddha koī guṭbandī kī ho to usmeṃ phūṭ ḍalvā denā, śatru, mitra aur madhyasthoṃ par yathocit dṛṣṭi rakhnā, dūsroṃ ke dvārā apne sevakoṃ meṃ bhī guṭbandī na hone denā, svayaṃ hī apne nagar kā nirīkṣaṇ karnā, svayaṃ kisī par bhī pūrā viśvās na karnā, dūsroṃ ko āśvāsan denā, nītidharma kā anusaraṇ karnā, sadā hī udyogśīl bane rahnā, śatruoṃ kī or se sāvadhān rahnā aur nīc karmaoṃ tathā duṣṭa puruṣoṃ ko sadā ke liye tyāg denā—ye sabhī rājya kī rakṣā ke sādhana haiṃ.

Bhishma said: “Yudhiṣṭhira, these are the means by which a kingdom is protected: maintain a network of secret agents; appoint envoys in other realms; pay servants their wages and allowances on time without jealousy or suspicion; levy taxes with sound judgment; do not seize the people’s wealth through injustice; gather and honor the good; cultivate valor, efficiency, truthfulness, and constant concern for the people’s welfare; even by straightforward or indirect methods, create divisions in the enemy camp; repair old houses and restore decayed temples; care for the poor and afflicted; apply punishment—bodily and financial—at the proper time; never abandon holy and upright men; keep the well-born and reputable close; store what is worth storing; associate with the wise; raise the army’s joy and zeal through rewards; watch over the people continually; do not shrink from hardship in action; increase the treasury; arrange complete protection of the city and do not rely on others’ vigilance in this; if townsmen form factions against you, break them apart; keep a fitting eye on enemies, friends, and neutrals; do not allow others to foment factions even among your own servants; inspect your city personally; do not place full trust in anyone; reassure others; follow the dharma of policy and governance; remain ever industrious; stay alert to enemies; and renounce base deeds and wicked men forever.”

युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
गुप्तचरान्spies
गुप्तचरान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुप्तचर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धारयेत्should keep/maintain
धारयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootधृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
अन्येषुin other (states/places)
अन्येषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
राष्ट्रेषुin kingdoms
राष्ट्रेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
स्वान्one's own
स्वान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दूतान्envoys
दूतान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदूत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नियोजयेत्should appoint
नियोजयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootनियुज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
सेवकेभ्यःto servants
सेवकेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootसेवक
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
कालेat the proper time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
वेतनम्wages
वेतनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवेतन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भत्तम्allowance/rations
भत्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभत्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
युक्त्याby strategy/skill
युक्त्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयुक्ति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
करान्taxes
करान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गृह्णीयात्should collect
गृह्णीयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यायेनby injustice
अन्यायेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्याय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रजायाःof the subjects
प्रजायाः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
धनम्wealth
धनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अपहरेत्should seize/steal away
अपहरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअप-हृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
सत्पुरुषान्good men
सत्पुरुषान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्पुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
संगृह्णीयात्should gather/retain
संगृह्णीयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-ग्रह्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
शौर्यम्valor
शौर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशौर्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कार्यदक्षताम्efficiency in work
कार्यदक्षताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकार्यदक्षता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सत्यभाषणम्truthful speech
सत्यभाषणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्यभाषण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रजाहितचिन्तनम्thinking of subjects' welfare
प्रजाहितचिन्तनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजाहितचिन्तन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सरलैःby straightforward (means)
सरलैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसरल
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
कुटिलैःby crooked (means)
कुटिलैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootकुटिल
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
उपायैःby methods
उपायैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउपाय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
शत्रुपक्षेin the enemy camp
शत्रुपक्षे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रुपक्ष
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भेदम्division/dissension
भेदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभेद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जनयेत्should produce
जनयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
पुराणगृहाणाम्of old houses
पुराणगृहाणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपुराणगृह
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
मरम्मतम्repair
मरम्मतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमरम्मत
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
मन्दिराणाम्of temples
मन्दिराणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमन्दिर
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
जीर्णोद्धारम्renovation/restoration
जीर्णोद्धारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजीर्णोद्धार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कारयेत्should cause to be done
कारयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Causative, 3rd, Singular
दीनदुःखितानाम्of the poor and afflicted
दीनदुःखितानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदीनदुःखित
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
परिपालनम्care/protection
परिपालनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपरिपालन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कुर्यात्should do
कुर्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
कालेat the proper time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
दण्डस्यof punishment
दण्डस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
प्रयोगम्application/use
प्रयोगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रयोग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
साधूनाम्of the virtuous
साधूनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसाधु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
त्यागम्abandonment
त्यागम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्याग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कुर्यात्should do
कुर्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
कुलीनान्noble-born
कुलीनान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकुलीन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मानवान्men/people
मानवान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
समीपेnear (oneself)
समीपे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमीप
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
धारयेत्should keep
धारयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootधृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
संग्रहणीयानाम्of things fit to be stored
संग्रहणीयानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसंग्रहणीय
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
वस्तूनाम्of goods/items
वस्तूनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootवस्तु
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
संग्रहम्accumulation/stockpiling
संग्रहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्रह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुर्यात्should do
कुर्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
बुद्धिमताम्of the wise
बुद्धिमताम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootबुद्धिमत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सेवनम्association/service
सेवनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसेवन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कुर्यात्should do
कुर्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
सेनायाःof the army
सेनायाः:
TypeNoun
Rootसेना
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
हर्षम्joy
हर्षम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहर्ष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उत्साहम्enthusiasm
उत्साहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउत्साह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पुरस्कारैःby rewards
पुरस्कारैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरस्कार
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
वर्धयेत्should increase
वर्धयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवृध्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Causative, 3rd, Singular
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
प्रजायाःof the subjects
प्रजायाः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
पालनम्protection/care
पालनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपालन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कुर्यात्should do
कुर्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
कोशम्treasury
कोशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकोश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वर्धयेत्should increase
वर्धयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवृध्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Causative, 3rd, Singular
नगरस्यof the city
नगरस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootनगर
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
रक्षाम्defense/guarding
रक्षाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सम्यक्properly
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
विधायhaving arranged
विधाय:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-धा
FormAbsolutive (ktvā/lyap), Active
अन्येषाम्of others
अन्येषाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
विश्वासेin trust/reliance
विश्वासे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वास
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तिष्ठेत्should remain/stand
तिष्ठेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
शत्रून्enemies
शत्रून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मित्राणिfriends/allies
मित्राणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
मध्यस्थान्neutral parties
मध्यस्थान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमध्यस्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यथावत्appropriately
यथावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथावत्
पश्येत्should observe/consider
पश्येत्:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
स्वयम्oneself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
नगरम्the city
नगरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनगर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनुविचरेत्should inspect/patrol
अनुविचरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-वि-चर्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
स्वयम्oneself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
कस्मैto anyone (whomsoever)
कस्मै:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Dative, Singular
अपिeven
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विश्वसेत्should trust
विश्वसेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-श्वस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
अन्येभ्यःto others
अन्येभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine/Neuter, Dative, Plural
आश्वासनम्assurance
आश्वासनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआश्वासन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
नीतिधर्मम्the dharma of policy/ethics
नीतिधर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनीतिधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनुसरेत्should follow
अनुसरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-सृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
उद्योगशीलःdiligent/energetic
उद्योगशीलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्योगशील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
शत्रुभ्यःfrom enemies
शत्रुभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
सावधानःcautious
सावधानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसावधान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
नीचकर्माणिbase acts
नीचकर्माणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनीचकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
दुष्टान्wicked
दुष्टान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्ट
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पुरुषान्men/persons
पुरुषान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
त्यजेत्should abandon
त्यजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
एतानिthese
एतानि:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
सर्वाणिall
सर्वाणि:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
राज्यरक्षायाःof protection of the kingdom
राज्यरक्षायाः:
TypeNoun
Rootराज्यरक्षा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
साधनानिmeans/instruments
साधनानि:
TypeNoun
Rootसाधन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
भवन्तिare
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
R
rājya (kingdom)
P
prajā (subjects)
G
guptacara (spies)
R
rājadūta (envoy/ambassador)
S
senā (army)
K
koṣa (treasury)
N
nagara (city)
M
mandira (temples)
Ś
śatru (enemies)
M
mitra (friends/allies)
M
madhyastha (neutrals)

Educational Q&A

A king protects the realm through a balanced program of rajadharma: ethical revenue collection, welfare of subjects, association with the virtuous and wise, disciplined punishment, strong city defense, motivated armed forces, and vigilant intelligence and diplomacy—while avoiding injustice and abandoning wicked conduct.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on governance, Bhīṣma addresses Yudhiṣṭhira and lists practical measures for safeguarding the kingdom—ranging from spies and envoys to treasury management, faction-control, urban inspection, and care for the poor—framing them as instruments of stable rule.