Shloka 45

अरक्षितारं राजानं भार्या चाप्रियवादिनीम्‌ | ग्रामकामं च गोपालं वनकामं॑ च नापितम्‌,'जैसे समुद्रकी यात्रामें टूटी हुई नौकाका त्याग कर दिया जाता है, उसी प्रकार प्रत्येक मनुष्यको चाहिये कि वह उपदेश न देनेवाले आचार्य, वेदमन्त्रोंका उच्चारण न करनेवाले ऋत्विज्‌, रक्षा न कर सकने-वाले राजा, कटु वचन बोलनेवाली स्त्री, गाँवमें रहनेकी इच्छा रखनेवाले ग्वाले और जंगलमें रहनेकी कामना करनेवाले नाई--इन छ: व्यक्तियोंका त्याग कर दे”

arakṣitāraṁ rājānaṁ bhāryā cāpriyavādinīm | grāmakāmaṁ ca gopālaṁ vanakāmaṁ ca nāpitam ||

రక్షణ చేయలేని రాజును, కఠిన వచనాలు పలికే భార్యను, గ్రామజీవితానికే ఆశపడే గోపాలకుని, అరణ్యవాసం కోరుకునే నాపితుని—ఇవన్నీ మనిషి విడిచిపెట్టవలెను; సముద్రయాత్రలో పగిలిన పడవను వదిలివేయునట్లే.

अरक्षितारम्one who does not protect (a non-protector)
अरक्षितारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअरक्षितृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
राजानम्king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भार्याwife
भार्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अप्रियवादिनीम्speaking unpleasant words (harsh-tongued)
अप्रियवादिनीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रियवादिनी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ग्रामकामम्desirous of the village (village-loving)
ग्रामकामम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootग्रामकाम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गोपालम्cowherd
गोपालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगोपाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वनकामम्desirous of the forest (forest-loving)
वनकामम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवनकाम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नापितम्barber
नापितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनापित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājā (king)
B
bhāryā (wife)
G
gopāla (cowherd)
N
nāpita (barber)
G
grāma (village)
V
vana (forest)
B
broken boat (metaphorical object)
O
ocean voyage (metaphorical setting)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches role-based ethics: when a person entrusted with a duty (protection, supportive speech, or a livelihood suited to their station) fails or is fundamentally misaligned with that role, continued dependence on them becomes harmful; therefore, one should withdraw association, like discarding a broken boat before a dangerous journey.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and practical governance. Here he gives a pointed maxim: certain relationships or service-providers should be abandoned when they cannot fulfill their essential function, illustrating the point with the metaphor of leaving a damaged boat before an ocean crossing.