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Shloka 34

अध्याय ५७ — राज्ञः नित्यप्रयत्नः, रक्षा-प्रधानता, तथा त्याग-नीतिः

Chapter 57: Constant Royal Vigilance, Primacy of Protection, and Principles of Dismissal

अगूढविभवा यस्य पौरा राष्ट्रनिवासिन: । नयापनयतवेत्तार: स राजा राजसत्तम:,जिसके राज्य अथवा नगरमें निवास करनेवाले लोग (चोरोंसे भय न होनेके कारण) अपने धनको छिपाकर न रखते हों तथा न्याय और अन्यायको समझते हों, वह राजा समस्त राजाओंमें श्रेष्ठ है

agūḍha-vibhavā yasya paurā rāṣṭra-nivāsinaḥ | nayāpanayata-vettāraḥ sa rājā rājasattamaḥ ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—ఎవరి రాజ్యంలో పట్టణవాసులు, గ్రామవాసులు తమ ధనాన్ని దాచుకోవలసిన అవసరం లేకుండా ఉంటారో, మరియు న్యాయనీతీ–అన్యాయాచరణ భేదాన్ని తెలిసినవారై ఉంటారో, ఆ రాజే రాజసత్తముడు।

अगूढविभवाःthose whose wealth is not hidden
अगूढविभवाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअगूढविभव (बहुव्रीहिः)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यस्यof whom/whose
यस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
पौराःcitizens (townsmen)
पौराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपौर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राष्ट्रनिवासिनःinhabitants of the realm
राष्ट्रनिवासिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्रनिवासिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नयापनयतत्त्ववेतारःknowers of the true nature of right and wrong (policy and its opposite)
नयापनयतत्त्ववेतारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनयापनयतत्त्ववेतृ (बहुव्रीहिः/तत्पुरुषसमाससमूहः)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सःhe/that
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजसत्तमःbest among kings
राजसत्तमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootराजसत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king
T
townspeople (paurāḥ)
K
kingdom inhabitants (rāṣṭra-nivāsinaḥ)
W
wealth (vibhava)
R
right policy (naya)
W
wrong policy (apanaya)

Educational Q&A

The highest king is one who ensures public security and cultivates moral-political discernment: subjects need not conceal wealth out of fear, and they can distinguish proper governance (naya) from misrule (apanaya).

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma defines a hallmark of excellent rule by describing the condition of the people under a truly superior king—safe, prosperous, and ethically aware.