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Shloka 49

राजधर्मप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into Rājadharma (Śānti-parva 56)

अवमन्यन्ति भर्तारें संघर्षादुपजीविन: । स्वे स्थाने न च तिष्ठन्ति लंघयन्ति च तद्गबच:,राजासे जीविका चलानेवाले सेवक अधिक मुँहलगे हो जानेपर मालिकका अपमान कर बैठते हैं। वे अपनी मर्यादामें स्थिर नहीं रहते और स्वामीकी आज्ञाका उल्लंघन करने लगते हैं

avmanyanti bhartāraṁ saṅgharṣād upajīvinaḥ | sve sthāne na ca tiṣṭhanti laṅghayanti ca tad-vacaḥ ||

ఇతరుని సేవచేసి జీవించే వారు, అతిపరిచయం మరియు ఘర్షణ వల్ల ధైర్యం పెరిగి యజమానిని అవమానిస్తారు. వారు తమ తగిన స్థితిలో నిలబడరు; స్వామి ఆజ్ఞలను అతిక్రమించటం ప్రారంభిస్తారు.

अवमन्यन्तिthey disrespect/insult
अवमन्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअव√मन् (मन्यते)
FormLat (Present), 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
भर्तॄन्masters/lords
भर्तॄन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभर्तृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
संघर्षात्from conflict/strife
संघर्षात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसंघर्ष
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
उपजीविनःdependents; those who live by (another)
उपजीविनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपजीविन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्वेin their own
स्वे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
स्थानेplace/position (proper station)
स्थाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्थान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तिष्ठन्तिthey stand/remain
तिष्ठन्ति:
TypeVerb
Root√स्था
FormLat (Present), 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
लंघयन्तिthey transgress/overstep
लंघयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Root√लंघ्
FormLat (Present), 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वचःword; command
वचः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
master/lord (bhartā)
D
dependents/servants (upajīvinaḥ)

Educational Q&A

Dependents who live by another’s support must maintain humility and stay within their rightful role; when they become overfamiliar or contentious, they may disrespect the patron and violate commands, undermining dharma and order.

In Bhishma’s instruction on governance and conduct in the Shanti Parva, he describes a common social-political failure: retainers who, through friction and overconfidence, begin to insult their master and disregard his directives—an admonition relevant to maintaining discipline in a household or kingdom.