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Shloka 12

Adhyāya 5 (Śānti-parva): Nārada’s account of Karṇa—Jarāsandha encounter and the causal grounds of Karṇa’s fall

भीष्मावमानात्‌ संख्यायां रथस्यार्धानुकीर्तनात्‌ । शल्यात्‌ तेजोवधाच्चापि वासुदेवनयेन च

bhīṣmāvamānāt saṅkhyāyāṃ rathasyārdhānukīrtanāt | śalyāt tejovadhāccāpi vāsudevanayena ca ||

నారదుడు పలికెను—భీష్ముని అవమానం వల్ల, మహారథుల లెక్కలో అతనిని పదేపదే ‘అర్ధరథి’గా పేర్కొనడం వల్ల, శల్యుడు అతని తేజస్సు-ధైర్యాలను క్షీణింపజేయడం వల్ల, మరియు వాసుదేవుడు (కృష్ణుడు) అనుసరించిన నీతి వల్ల—ఈ అనేక కారణాలు కలసి కర్ణుని పరాజయానికి దారితీశాయి।

भीष्मfrom Bhishma
भीष्म:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अवमानात्from insult/disrespect
अवमानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअवमान
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
संख्यायाम्in the enumeration/counting
संख्यायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंख्या
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
रथस्यof the chariot-warrior (ratha)
रथस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अर्धhalf
अर्ध:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअर्ध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनुकीर्तनात्from repeated mention/recital
अनुकीर्तनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअनुकीर्तन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
शल्यात्from Shalya
शल्यात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
तेजःsplendor/energy
तेजः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतेजस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वधात्from killing/destruction
वधात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
वासुदेवby/through Vasudeva (Krishna)
वासुदेव:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवासुदेव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
नयेनby policy/strategy
नयेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

नारद उवाच

N
Narada
B
Bhishma
S
Shalya
V
Vasudeva (Krishna)
K
Karna (implied by context of defeat)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames defeat as multi-causal: social dishonor (avamāna), public ranking and reputation (saṅkhyā/anukīrtana), inner strength being eroded (tejo-vadha), and superior strategy (vāsudeva-naya). Ethically, it warns that pride, wounded honor, and hostile counsel can weaken even a powerful person, while wise policy can decisively shape outcomes.

Narada explains why Karna ultimately fell in the Kurukshetra war: Bhishma’s disparagement and repeated labeling as ‘half a ratha-warrior’ diminished his standing; Shalya’s conduct as charioteer worked against Karna’s morale and brilliance; and Krishna’s strategic interventions favored Karna’s opponents, collectively leading to Karna’s defeat.