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Shloka 46

Atithi-prāpti and the Brāhmaṇa’s Deliberation on Triadic Dharma (अतिथिप्राप्तिः धर्मत्रयविचारश्च)

ते तपः समुपातिष्ठ न्‌ ब्रह्मोक्तं वेदकल्पितम्‌ । स महानियमो नाम तपश्चर्यासु दारुण:,वहाँ ब्रह्माजीके कथनानुसार उन सबने वेदोक्त रीतिसे तपस्या आरम्भ की। उनका वह महान्‌ नियम सभी तपस्याओंमें कठोर था

te tapaḥ samupātiṣṭhan brahmoktaṁ vedakalpitam | sa mahāniyamo nāma tapaścaryāsu dāruṇaḥ ||

అక్కడ బ్రహ్మదేవుని ఆజ్ఞ ప్రకారం వారు వేదోక్త విధానంతో తపస్సును ప్రారంభించారు. ‘మహానియమం’ అని పిలువబడే ఆ నియమం తపశ్చర్యలన్నిటిలోనూ అత్యంత కఠినమైనది.

तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समुपातिष्ठन्they undertook / began / engaged in
समुपातिष्ठन्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-उप-आ-स्था
FormImperfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
ब्रह्मोक्तम्spoken/ordained by Brahmā
ब्रह्मोक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootब्रह्मोक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वेदकल्पितम्prescribed/arranged by the Vedas
वेदकल्पितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवेदकल्पित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सःthat (he/it)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महानियमःa great observance/rule
महानियमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहानियम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नामby name / indeed / called
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
तपश्चर्यासुamong austerity-practices
तपश्चर्यासु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतपश्चर्या
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
दारुणःsevere, harsh
दारुणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootदारुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
B
Brahmā
V
Veda

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes that austerity is not merely personal hardship but a disciplined practice grounded in authoritative dharma—here, explicitly aligned with Brahmā’s instruction and Vedic prescription. Ethical force comes from regulated self-restraint (niyama) undertaken in obedience to sacred order rather than from arbitrary self-mortification.

The narrator Vaiśampāyana reports that a group (previously introduced in the chapter) begins a Veda-sanctioned austerity as directed by Brahmā. Their observance is identified as a “Great Rule” (mahāniyama), distinguished by exceptional severity among ascetic practices.