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Shloka 4

Yājñavalkya on the Unity of Sāṃkhya and Yoga and the Marks of Meditative Composure

कला पज्चदशी योनिस्तद्धाम प्रतिबुध्यते । नित्यमेतद्‌ विजानीहि सोम॑ वै षोडशीं कलाम्‌,राजन! चन्द्रमाकी पंद्रह कलाओंके समान जीवोंकी पंद्रह कलाएँ ही उत्पत्तिके स्थान हैं। अज्ञानी जीव उन्हींको अपना आश्रय समझता है; परंतु उसकी जो सोलहवीं कला है, उसको तुम नित्य समझो। वह चन्द्रमाकी अमा नामक सोलहवीं कलाके समान है

kalā pañcadaśī yonis taddhāma pratibudhyate | nityam etad vijānīhi somaṁ vai ṣoḍaśīṁ kalām, rājan |

వసిష్ఠుడు పలికెను—పదిహేను కళలే యోని; ఆ ధామములోనే జీవులు పుడతారు, అజ్ఞుడు అక్కడికే మేల్కొని దానినే ఆశ్రయమని భావిస్తాడు. కాని రాజా, ఇది నిత్యముగా తెలుసుకొనుము—ఇంకొక పదహారవ కళ ఉంది; అదే సోమతత్త్వము, చంద్రుని అమావాస్యారూప పదహారవ కళవలె అతి సూక్ష్మమై స్థిరమై, మార్పులైన పదిహేనింటికి అతీతము.

kalāḥparts, digits (of the moon)
kalāḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootkalā
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
pañcadaśīthe fifteenth
pañcadaśī:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootpañcadaśī
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
yoniḥwomb; source; origin
yoniḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootyoni
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
tatthat
tat:
Karma
TypePronoun
Roottad
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
dhāmaabode; seat; support
dhāma:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootdhāman
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
pratibudhyateawakens to; understands; realizes
pratibudhyate:
TypeVerb
Root√budh
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
nityamalways; eternally
nityam:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnitya
etatthis
etat:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootetad
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
vijānīhiknow; understand clearly
vijānīhi:
TypeVerb
Root√jñā
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
somaḥSoma; the Moon
somaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootsoma
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
vaiindeed; surely
vai:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai
ṣoḍaśīmthe sixteenth
ṣoḍaśīm:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootṣoḍaśī
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
kalāmpart; digit
kalām:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootkalā
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
rājanO king
rājan:
TypeNoun
Rootrājan
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
R
rājan (the king, addressee)
S
Soma
C
Candra (Moon)
A
amā (new-moon phase, as the ‘sixteenth’)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts the changing, manifest basis of embodied life (the ‘fifteen kalās’ taken as the womb/source) with a subtler, enduring ‘sixteenth kalā’ identified with Soma/the lunar essence. Ethically and spiritually, it urges the king to look beyond what the ignorant treat as their sole refuge—mere phenomenal supports—and to recognize a constant principle that transcends fluctuation.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on higher knowledge, Vasiṣṭha addresses a king and uses lunar imagery: beings arise within a fifteenfold field, but true understanding includes a sixteenth, more constant element. The teacher redirects the listener from ordinary identification with the manifest ‘abode’ to contemplation of the subtler, abiding reality.