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Shloka 17

अव्यक्तकालमान-निर्णयः

Measures of Time from the Unmanifest; Creation, Elements, and the Primacy of Mind

यो नात्युक्त: प्राह रूक्ष॑ प्रियं वा यो वा हतो न प्रतिहन्ति धैर्यात्‌ । पापं च यो नेच्छति तस्य हन्तु- स्तस्येह देवा: स्पृहयन्ति नित्यम्‌,जो दूसरोंके द्वारा अपने लिये कड़वी बात कही जानेपर भी उसके प्रति कठोर या प्रिय कुछ भी नहीं कहता तथा किसीके द्वारा चोट खाकर भी धैर्यके कारण बदलेमें न तो मारनेवालेको मारता है और न उसकी बुराई ही चाहता है, उस महात्मासे मिलनेके लिये देवता भी सदा लालायित रहते हैं

yo nātyuktaḥ prāha rūksaṁ priyaṁ vā yo vā hato na pratihanti dhairyāt | pāpaṁ ca yo necchati tasya hantuḥ tasyaiha devāḥ spṛhayanti nityam ||

హంస అన్నాడు—కఠిన వాక్యాలు వినినప్పటికీ క్రూరంగా గానీ, చాపల్యంగా మధురంగా గానీ ప్రతివాక్యం చెప్పనివాడు; దెబ్బ తిన్నా ధైర్యంతో ప్రతిదెబ్బ కొట్టనివాడు; తనకు హాని చేసినవాడికీ పాపం కలగాలని కోరనివాడు—అటువంటి మహాత్ముని దర్శించాలనే దేవతలకూ నిత్యం ఆకాంక్ష ఉంటుంది.

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अति-उक्तःoverly spoken to / harshly addressed
अति-उक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअति + उक्त (वच्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राहsays / speaks
प्राह:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + अह् (ब्रू)
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
रूक्षम्harsh (speech)
रूक्षम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootरूक्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रियम्pleasant (speech)
प्रियम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
हतःstruck / injured
हतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (हत)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रतिहन्तिstrikes back / retaliates
प्रतिहन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति + हन्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
धैर्यात्from steadfastness / due to patience
धैर्यात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधैर्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
पापम्evil / sin
पापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इच्छतिdesires / wishes
इच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (इच्छ्)
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तस्यof him
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
हन्तुःof the slayer / aggressor
हन्तुः:
TypeNoun
Rootहन्तृ (हन्)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तस्यof him
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
इहhere (in this world)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्पृहयन्तिlong for / desire
स्पृहयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्पृह्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य

हंस उवाच

हंस (Haṃsa)
देवाः (the gods)

Educational Q&A

The verse praises the highest ethical restraint: do not answer harsh speech with harshness or even with manipulative pleasantness, do not retaliate when harmed, and do not even wish evil for the aggressor. Such inner steadiness (dhairya) and non-ill-will are presented as divine-worthy virtues.

In Śānti Parva’s didactic setting, the speaker Haṃsa delivers a moral instruction defining the conduct of a truly great person. The statement functions as a criterion of saintly character, elevating non-retaliation and freedom from malice as qualities admired even by the gods.