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Shloka 45

अव्यक्त–प्रकृति–इन्द्रियविचारः

The Unmanifest, Prakṛtis, and the Sense-Complex

सर्व: स्वानि शुभाशुभानि नियतं कर्माणि जन्तु: स्वयं गर्भात्‌ सम्प्रतिपद्यते तदुभयं यत्‌ तेन पूर्व कृतम्‌ । मृत्युश्नापरिहारवान्‌ समगति: कालेन विच्छेदिना दारोश्वूर्णमिवाश्मसारविहितं कर्मान्तिकं प्रापयेत्‌,सभी जीव, पूर्वजन्ममें उन्होंने जो कुछ किया है, उन अपने शुभाशुभ कर्मोके नियत फलोंको गर्भमें प्रवेश करनेके समयसे ही क्रमश: पाने और भोगने लगते हैं। जैसे वायु आरेसे चीरकर बनाये गये लकड़ीके चूरेको उड़ा देती है, उसी प्रकार कभी टाली न जा सकनेवाली मृत्यु विनाशकारी कालकी सहायतासे मनुष्यका अन्त कर देती है

parāśara uvāca |

sarvaḥ svāni śubhāśubhāni niyataṁ karmāṇi jantuḥ svayaṁ garbhāt sampratipadyate tadubhayaṁ yat tena pūrva kṛtam |

mṛtyuś cāparihāryavān samagatiḥ kālena vicchedinā dāroś cūrṇam ivāśmasāravihitaṁ karmāntikaṁ prāpayet ||

ప్రతి జీవి, పూర్వజన్మలో తానే చేసిన శుభాశుభ కర్మల నియత ఫలాలను గర్భప్రవేశ క్షణం నుంచే క్రమంగా పొందుతూ అనుభవించడం ప్రారంభిస్తాడు. అలాగే తప్పించలేని మరణం, సమస్త బంధాలను ఛేదించే వినాశక కాల సహాయంతో, మనిషిని కర్మాంతానికి చేర్చుతుంది—చెక్కను ఆరాతో కోసి వచ్చిన దూళిని గాలి చెదరగొట్టినట్లుగా.

सर्वःevery (being)
सर्वः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वानिone's own
स्वानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
शुभाशुभानिgood and bad
शुभाशुभानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभाशुभ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
नियतंfixed, inevitable
नियतं:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनियत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कर्माणिactions (karmas)
कर्माणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
जन्तुःa living being
जन्तुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वयम्himself/itself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
गर्भात्from the womb
गर्भात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootगर्भ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
सम्प्रतिपद्यतेattains/comes to (experiences)
सम्प्रतिपद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+प्रति+पद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उभयम्both (kinds)
उभयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउभय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यत्which/that
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तेनby him/thereby
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
पूर्वम्formerly, earlier
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
कृतम्done
कृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Accusative, Singular
मृत्युःdeath
मृत्युः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपरीहारवान्unavoidable
अपरीहारवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपरीहारवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समगतिःcommon destiny/inevitable course
समगतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसमगति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कालेनby time
कालेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विच्छेदिनाsevering, destructive
विच्छेदिना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootविच्छेदिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
दारु-शूर्णम्sawdust (wood-powder)
दारु-शूर्णम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदारुशूर्ण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अश्मसार-विहितम्made by a stone-saw/stone-blade
अश्मसार-विहितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअश्मसारविहित
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Accusative, Singular
कर्मान्तिकम्ending in action; at the end of karma (i.e., death-bound)
कर्मान्तिकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्मान्तिक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रापयेत्would bring (to), would lead (to)
प्रापयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+आप्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

पराशर उवाच

P
Parāśara
J
jantu (living beings)
M
mṛtyu (death)
K
kāla (time)
D
dāru (wood)
C
cūrṇa (sawdust)
Ā
āśmasāra (iron blade/saw)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that beings inevitably experience the fixed results of their own past good and bad actions from the very start of embodied life, and that death—working through the cutting power of time—cannot be avoided and brings embodied karma to its endpoint.

Parāśara is instructing his listener in a reflective, didactic context typical of Śānti Parva: he explains karmic causality across births and underscores the certainty of death, using a vivid simile of sawdust scattered by wind to illustrate how time and death bring life’s course to its conclusion.