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Shloka 13

जनक–पराशर संवादः — वर्ण-गोत्र-धर्मविचारः

Janaka–Parāśara: Varṇa, Gotra, and Dharma Inquiry

सत्त्वं रजस्तम: काल: कर्म बुद्धिश्च भारत । मनःषष्ठानि चैतेषु ईश्वर: समकल्पयत्‌,भरतनन्दन! ईश्वरने इन प्राणियोंके शरीरोंमें सत्त्व, रज, तम, काल, कर्म, बुद्धि तथा मनसहित पाँचों ज्ञानेन्द्रियोंकी कल्पना की है

sattvaṁ rajas tamaḥ kālaḥ karma buddhiś ca bhārata | manaḥ-ṣaṣṭhāni caiteṣu īśvaraḥ samakalpayat bharatanandana ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—ఓ భారతా, ఓ భరతనందనా! భగవంతుడు దేహధారులైన ప్రాణులలో సత్త్వం, రజస్సు, తమస్సు; అలాగే కాలం, కర్మ, బుద్ధి—ఇంద్రియాలలో ఆరవదిగా మనస్సు—ఇవన్నీ ఏర్పాటు చేసెను।

सत्त्वम्sattva (goodness)
सत्त्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
रजस्rajas (passion)
रजस्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तमःtamas (darkness/inertia)
तमः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कालःtime
कालः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कर्मaction/deed
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धिःintellect
बुद्धिः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मनःmind
मनः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
षष्ठानिas the sixth (i.e., with mind as sixth)
षष्ठानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootषष्ठ
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतेषुin these (beings/bodies)
एतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
ईश्वरःthe Lord
ईश्वरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootईश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समकल्पयत्he arranged/created/ordained
समकल्पयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+कल्प्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भरतनन्दनO descendant/delighter of Bharata
भरतनन्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतनन्दन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira (implied by vocatives bhārata, bharatanandana)
I
Ishvara (the Lord)

Educational Q&A

The verse explains that embodied life operates through an ordained inner framework: the three guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas), along with time, karma, and buddhi, and the mind as the coordinating sixth faculty among the senses. Ethical life therefore involves understanding these forces and cultivating discernment so that action is guided rather than driven.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīṣma continues a philosophical-ethical exposition on the constituents of the person and the causes behind behavior. He frames human agency and moral responsibility within a cosmic order established by Īśvara.