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Shloka 9

Aśmagīta: Janaka’s Inquiry on Loss, Kāla, and the Limits of Control (अश्मगीता)

तमतिक्रान्तमर्यादमाददानमसाम्प्रतम्‌ । प्रतिषेधन्ति राजानो लुब्धा मृगमिवेषुभि:,जैसे व्याधे अपने बाणोंद्वारा मृगोंको आगे बढ़नेसे रोकते हैं, उसी प्रकार मर्यादा लाँघकर अनुचितरूपसे दूसरोंके धनका अपहरण करनेवाले उस मनुष्यको राजालोग दण्डद्वारा वैसे कुमार्गपर चलनेसे रोकते हैं

tam atikrāntamaryādam ādādānam asāmpratam | pratiṣedhanti rājāno lubdhā mṛgam iveṣubhiḥ ||

వేటగాడు తన బాణాలతో జింకను ముందుకు పరుగెత్తకుండా ఆపినట్లే, ధర్మమర్యాదలను అతిక్రమించి అనుచితంగా, అసమయంగా ఇతరుల ధనాన్ని అపహరించే వానిని రాజులు దండనచేత దుర్మార్గం వైపు పోకుండా నిరోధిస్తారు।

तम्him/that person
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अतिक्रान्तमर्यादम्one who has transgressed the bounds
अतिक्रान्तमर्यादम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिक्रान्त-मर्यादा
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आददानम्taking/seizing
आददानम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootआ-दा
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
असाम्प्रतम्improper/untimely (unlawful)
असाम्प्रतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअसाम्प्रत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रतिषेधन्तिthey restrain/forbid
प्रतिषेधन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-षिध्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
राजानःkings/rulers
राजानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लुब्धाःgreedy (intent on gain)
लुब्धाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootलुब्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मृगम्a deer
मृगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
इषुभिःwith arrows
इषुभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootइषु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

जनक उवाच

J
Janaka
K
kings (rājānaḥ)
H
hunters (lubdhāḥ)
D
deer (mṛga)
A
arrows (iṣu)
P
punishment (implied: daṇḍa)

Educational Q&A

Crossing moral boundaries and unlawfully taking others’ wealth is a dharmic violation; the king’s role is to restrain such conduct through daṇḍa (punishment), preserving social order and preventing people from continuing on a wrongful path.

In Janaka’s speech, he uses a simile: as hunters halt a deer with arrows, so rulers check a transgressor—one who oversteps maryādā and seizes others’ property—by enforcing restraint and punishment.